从乡村性到后乡村性：乡村旅游的理论展望

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.181

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村地理学提出用乡村性来定义乡村,旅游地理学认为乡村性是乡村旅游的基础,然而随着城镇化的发展和旅游者需求的改变,乡村性逐渐被解构,正在流失。本研究基于国内外已有文献,结合乡村旅游发展背景,提出重构乡村性——后乡村性,并探索性地建构了后乡村性的6个维度：乡村“新移民化”、乡村“再地方化”、文化城市化、居住到栖居、城乡二元对立到城乡连续体、社区参与到社区营造。同时,基于乡村性指数和后乡村性的6个维度,探索性地提出后乡村性指数（PRI）应考虑的指标,包括流动人口、游客满意度、旅游就业、居住的现代性、乡村非物质文化遗产的“旅游活化”、“新乡贤”的社区治理结构、福利本地化等。后乡村性的提出对发展乡村旅游理论和优化乡村旅游治理结构具有理论和实践上的双重指导意义。

关键词: 乡村性; 后乡村性; 乡村旅游; 后乡村性指数

Abstract:

Rural geography puts forward the definition of rural with rurality. Tourism geography thinks that rurality is the basis of rural tourism. However, with the development of urbanization and the change of tourists’ demand, rurality is losing and deconstructing. Does the loss of rurality mean the end? Do we need to return to (restore) the rurality or enter a new rurality (post rurality)? Based on the existing domestic and international literature, combined with the background of rural tourism development, this paper proposes to reconstruct the rurality——post rurality, and tentatively constructs six dimensions of post rurality: rural “new immigration”, rural “re-localization”, cultural urbanization, living to dwelling, urban-rural dual opposition to urban-rural continuum, community participation to community building. At the same time, based on the rurality index and the six dimensions of post rurality, this paper tentatively puts forward the indicators that should be considered in the post rurality index (PRI), including floating population, tourist satisfaction, tourism employment, modernity of residence, tourism activation of rural intangible cultural heritage, community governance structure of new able villagers, welfare localization, etc. The proposal of post rurality has theoretical and practical significance for the development of rural tourism theory and the optimization of rural tourism governance structure.

Keywords: rurality; post rurality; rural tourism; post rurality index

中图分类号:

李志飞, 吴锦超, 张晨晨. 从乡村性到后乡村性：乡村旅游的理论展望[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(6): 24-42.

LI Zhifei, WU Jinchao, ZHANG Chenchen. From Rurality to Post Rurality: Theoretical Prospects of Rural Tourism[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(6): 24-42.

图/表 2

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乡村性的概念内涵 Connotations of rurality	作者和年份 Author（s）and year
乡村性指小规模经营、本地人所有、社区参与、文化和环境可持续的现象总和	Brohman（1996）
乡村性具有人口密度小、经济活动简单的传统社会文化特征	何景明和李立华（2002）
乡村性可以通过乡村性空间和乡村性景观意象来认知	李开宇（2005）
乡村性是以原住民与旅游者为互动核心,以可根植的乡村自然要素与人文要素和谐混杂共生为外部形态的地域特征系统	刘敬华（2018）

乡村性的概念内涵 Connotations of rurality	作者和年份 Author（s）and year
乡村性指小规模经营、本地人所有、社区参与、文化和环境可持续的现象总和	Brohman（1996）
乡村性具有人口密度小、经济活动简单的传统社会文化特征	何景明和李立华（2002）
乡村性可以通过乡村性空间和乡村性景观意象来认知	李开宇（2005）
乡村性是以原住民与旅游者为互动核心,以可根植的乡村自然要素与人文要素和谐混杂共生为外部形态的地域特征系统	刘敬华（2018）

指标 Index（es）	作者和年份 Author（s）and year
人口结构和密度、住户满意度、就业结构、交通格局及与城市中心距离等16 项指标	Cloke（1977/1978）
耕地变化速率、乡村人口变化率、农业产业就业比例、农地产出率和农业劳动生产率	龙花楼、刘彦随和邹健（2009）
地域条件、旅游资源基础、社区参与、旅游产业本地化、可持续发展	冯淑华和沙润（2007）

指标 Index（es）	作者和年份 Author（s）and year
人口结构和密度、住户满意度、就业结构、交通格局及与城市中心距离等16 项指标	Cloke（1977/1978）
耕地变化速率、乡村人口变化率、农业产业就业比例、农地产出率和农业劳动生产率	龙花楼、刘彦随和邹健（2009）
地域条件、旅游资源基础、社区参与、旅游产业本地化、可持续发展	冯淑华和沙润（2007）