旅游地社区研究——从生计到福祉的理论拓展

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.184

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着旅游业在全球的快速发展,国内外旅游地社区研究在理论和实践层面都不断延展,从社区参与、社区感知、社区生计、社区赋权等多维度进行了大量探索。2020年我国脱贫攻坚任务顺利完成,这标志着我国步入了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。人民美好生活建构成为重要目标之一,社区幸福感、获得感、安全感成为新时代的关键词。前期研究依托可持续生计框架探索了社区生计系统的多时空演化,然而研究也显示出生计框架在研究维度上的局限性,不能全面体现旅游地社区发展的多元需求。因此,旅游地社区研究也应随着新时代、新需求不断拓展,更综合全面地探讨旅游发展过程中的社区可持续发展和美好生活建构的理论和实践问题。本文提出社区福祉框架能够从多维视角解析社区与旅游发展的互动关系,体现社区的可持续发展需求,在新时代旅游地社区研究中具有理论和实践层面的重要性和研究潜力。

关键词: 旅游社区; 社区参与; 社区生计; 社区福祉; 可持续发展

Abstract:

Heavily relying on the community, tourism development brings opportunities and challenges to the sustainable development of the community. With the rapid development of tourism globally, research on tourism destination communities has been continuously extended both in theory and in practice covering multi-dimensional aspects including community participation, community perception, community livelihood, community empowerment and so on. The successful completion of national poverty alleviation targets in 2020 marks China's new journey to a socialist modern country. Achieving a better life for the Chinese people has become one of the important national development goals, community happiness, feeling of achievements and security have become the key words of the new era. Despite the effectiveness of the sustainable livelihood framework in evaluating the dynamic evolution of community livelihood system, previous studies also demonstrated limitations of such framework in representing the diversified needs of community development in tourism destinations. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive framework to analyze community sustainable development and the construction of a better life in the process of tourism development from theoretical and practical aspects. This paper proposes that, with the ability to reflect the multi-dimensional needs of communities, the community wellbeing framework has high research potential and importance in understanding community and tourism interactions in the new era.

Keywords: tourism community; community participation; community livelihood; community wellbeing; sustainable development

中图分类号:

苏明明. 旅游地社区研究——从生计到福祉的理论拓展[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(6): 1-23.

SU Mingming. Tourism and Community Research : From Livelihood to Wellbeing[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(6): 1-23.

图/表 4

图1 旅游发展背景下的可持续生计框架（基于：Scoones,1998;Tao & Wall,2009a）

Fig. 1 Sustainable livelihood framework in a tourism context（based on: Scoones,1998;Tao & Wall,2009a）

图2 基于可持续生计框架的长岛渔家乐旅游和海岛生计分析（苏明明,2019）

Fig. 2 Yujiale tourism and community livelihoods at Long Islands based on the sustainable livelihood framework（Su,2019）

图3 融合生计多样性和生计自由度的二维生计可持续性评价框架

Fig. 3 Bi-dimensional sustainable livelihood framework integrating livelihood diversity and livelihood freedom

图4 社区福祉的多维度概念框架

Fig. 4 Multi-dimensional framework of community wellbeing

参考文献 96

[1]	Aas C, Ladkin A, Fletcher J. Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005, 32(1):28-48.
[2]	Bhandari B S, Grant M. Analysis of livelihood security:A case study in the Kali-Khola watershed of Nepal[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2007, 85(1):17-26.
[3]	Bradburn N M. The Structure of Psychological Well-being[M]. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1969:53-71.
[4]	British Department for International Development,Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets[R]. London:DFID, 1999,Section 2.1.
[5]	Chambers R, Conway G. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods:Practical Concepts for the 21st Century[M]. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 1992:296.
[6]	Ellis F. Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000:35-62.
[7]	Ghimire K B. Parks and people:Livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagascar[J]. Development and Change, 1994, 25(1):195-229.
[8]	Gillam C, Charles A. Community wellbeing:The impacts of inequality,racism and environment on a Brazilian coastal slum[J]. World Development Perspectives, 2019(13):18-24.
[9]	Gough I, McGregor J A. Wellbeing in Developing Countries:From Theory to Research[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007:59-61.
[10]	Helmore K, Singh N. Sustainable Livelihoods:Building on the Wealth of the Poor[M]. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 2001:51-66.
[11]	Lee S J, Kim Y, Phillips R. Exploring the intersection of community well-being and community development[M]//Lee S,Kim Y,Phillips R. Community Well-Being and Community Development. Cham: Springer, 2015:1-7.
[12]	Lee S J, Kim Y. Structure of well-being:An exploratory study of the distinction between individual well-being and community well-being and the importance of intersubjective community well-being[M]//Kee Y,Lee S,Phillips R. Social Factors and Community Well-Being. Cham: Springer, 2016:13-37.
[13]	Mbaiwa J E, Stronza A L. The effects of tourism development on rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta,Botswana[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2010, 18(5):635-656.
[14]	Mbaiwa J E. Effects of the safari hunting tourism ban on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana[J]. South African Geographical Journal, 2018, 100(1):41-61.
[15]	McGregor J A. Researching wellbeing:From concepts to methodology[M]//Gough I,McGregor J A. Wellbeing in Developing Countries:From Theory to Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007:316-350.
[16]	Milner-Gulland E J, Mcgregor J A, Agarwala M, et al. Accounting for the impact of conservation on human well-being[J]. Conservation Biology, 2014, 28(5):1160-1166.
[17]	Musikanski L, Rakova B, Bradbury J,et al. Artificial intelligence and community well-being:A proposal for an emerging area of research[J]. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 2020, 3(1):39-55.
[18]	Nepal S K, Weber K E. Struggle for Existence:Park-people Conflict in the Royal Chitwan National Park[M]. Bangkok:Division of Human Settlements Development,Asian Institute of Technology, 1993:63-75.
[19]	Nuryanti W. Heritage and postmodern tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1996, 23(2):249-260.
[20]	Nuryanti, Heritage W. Tourism and Local Communities[M]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1999
[21]	OECD:How’s Life? 2020:Measuring well-being[EB/OL].(2020-03-09)[2020-06-20]. https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en.
[22]	Phillips R, Wong C. Handbook of Community Well-being Research[M]. Dordrecht:Springer, 2017:211-239.
[23]	Qiao M, Wong C, Zheng W. Sustainable urbanisation and community well-being in Suburban neighbourhoods in Beijing,China[J]. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 2019, 2(1):15-39.
[24]	Ren W Z, Hu L L, Guo L,et al. Preservation of the genetic diversity of a local common carp in the agricultural heritage rice-fish system[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(3):E546-E554.
[25]	Rongna A, Sun J X. Integration and sustainability of tourism and traditional livelihood:A rhythmanalysis[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020, 28(3):455-474.
[26]	Scheyvens R. Local involvement in managing tourism[M]// SinghS, TimothyD J, DowlingR K. Tourism in Destination Communities. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003:229-252.
[27]	Scoones I. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods:A Framework for Analysis[M]. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 1998.
[28]	Singh S, Timothy D J, Dowling R K. Tourism and Destination Communities[M]. Perth: Edith Cowan University, 2003:3-18.
[29]	Smale B. Guelph community wellbeing survey:A technical report for the city of Guelph comparisons on aspects of wellbeing based on ward and household income[R]. Waterloo: Canadian Index of Wellbeing,University of Waterloo, 2012.
[30]	Smale B. How are residents of Saskatchewan really doing? A report by the Canadian index of wellbeing[R]. Waterloo: Canadian Index of Wellbeing,University of Waterloo, 2019.
[31]	Smith L M, Case J L, Smith H M,et al. Relating ecoystem services to domains of human well-being:Foundation for a U.S. index[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2013(28):79-90.
[32]	Smith M K, Diekmann A. Tourism and wellbeing[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2017(66):1-13.
[33]	Stone M T, Nyaupane G P. Protected areas,tourism and community livelihoods linkages:A comprehensive analysis approach[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016, 24(5):673-693.
[34]	Stone M T, Nyaupane G P. Protected areas,wildlife-based community tourism and community livelihoods dynamics:Spiraling up and down of community capitals[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2018, 26(2):307-324.
[35]	Strickland-Munro J K, Allison H E, Moore S A. Using resilience concepts to investigate the impacts of protected area tourism on communities[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2010, 37(2):499-519.
[36]	Su M M, Dong Y Z, Wall G,et al. A value-based analysis of the tourism use of agricultural heritage systems:Duotian Agrosystem,Jiangsu Province,China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020, 28(12):2136-2155.
[37]	Su M M, Sun Y H, Min Q W,et al. A community livelihood approach to agricultural heritage system conservation and tourism development:Xuanhua grape garden urban agricultural heritage site,Hebei Province of China[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2):361.
[38]	Su M M, Sun Y H, Wall G,et al. Agricultural heritage conservation,tourism and community livelihood in the process of urbanization:Xuanhua Grape Garden,Hebei Province,China[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2020, 25(3):205-222.
[39]	Su M M, Wall G, Jin M. Island livelihoods:tourism and fishing at Long Islands,Shandong Province,China[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2016(122):20-29.
[40]	Su M M, Wall G, Ma J F,et al. Empowerment of women through cultural tourism:Perspectives of Hui minority embroiderers in Ningxia,China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020,doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1841217.
[41]	Su M M, Wall G, Wang S G. Yujiale fishing tourism and island development in Changshan Archipelago,Changdao,China[J]. Island Studies Journal, 2017, 12(2):127-142.
[42]	Su M M, Wall G, Wang Y N,et al. Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town,Anhui Province,China[J]. Tourism Management, 2019(71):272-281.
[43]	Su M M, Wall G, Xu K J. Heritage tourism and livelihood sustainability of a resettled rural community:Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site,China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016a, 24(5):735-757.
[44]	Su M M, Wall G, Xu K J. Tourism-induced livelihood changes at Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site,China[J]. Environmental Management, 2016b, 57(5):1024-1040.
[45]	Su M M, Wall G. Community involvement at Great Wall World Heritage Sites,Beijing,China[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2015, 18(2):137-157.
[46]	Summers K, McCullough M, Smith E,et al. The sustainable and healthy communities research program:The environmental protection agency’s research approach to assisting community decision-making[J]. Sustainability, 2014, 6(1):306-318.
[47]	Swarbrooke J. Sustainable Tourism Management[M]. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 1999.
[48]	Tao T C H, Wall G. Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy[J]. Tourism Management, 2009a, 30(1):90-98.
[49]	Tao T C H, Wall G. A livelihood approach to sustainability[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2009b, 14(2):137-152.
[50]	Timothy D J, Boyd S W. Heritage Tourism[M]. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2003:181-184.
[51]	Timothy D J, Tosun C. Appropriate planning for tourism in destination communities:Participation,incremental growth and collaboration[M]//Singh S,Timothy D J,Dowling R K. Tourism in Destination Communities. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003:181-204.
[52]	University of Waterloo. How are Canadians really doing? The 2016 CIW national report[R]. Waterloo:Canadian Index of Wellbeing,University of Waterloo, 2016.
[53]	University of Waterloo. A profile of wellbeing in waterloo region[R]. Waterloo:Canadian Index of Wellbeing,University of Waterloo, 2018.
[54]	Uysal M, Perdue R R, Sirgy M J. Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research:Enhancing the Lives of Tourists and Residents of Host Communities[M]. Dordrecht:Springer, 2012:39-51.
[55]	Uysal M, Sirgy M J, Woo E,et al. Quality of Life(QOL)and well-being research in tourism[J]. Tourism Management, 2016(53):244-261.
[56]	Vemuri A W, Costanza R. The role of human,social,built,and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level:Toward a National Well-Being Index(NWI)[J]. Ecological Economics, 2006, 58(1):119-133.
[57]	Wall G. One name,two destinations:Planned and unplanned coastal resorts in Indonesia[M]//Harrison L,Husbands W. Practicing Responsible Tourism:International Case Studies in Tourism Planning,Policy,and Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996:41-57.
[58]	Wall G, Mathieson A. Tourism:Change,Impacts and Opportunities[M]. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006:53-68.
[59]	Wiseman J, Brasher K. Community wellbeing in an unwell world:Trends,challenges,and possibilities[J]. Journal of Public Health Policy, 2008, 29(3):353-366.
[60]	Wu M Y, Pearce P L. Host tourism aspirations as a point of departure for the sustainable livelihoods approach[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2013, 22(3):440-460.
[61]	Yuksel F, Bramwell B, Yuksel A. Stakeholder interviews and tourism planning at Pamukkale,Turkey[J]. Tourism Management, 1999, 20(3):351-360.
[62]	Roberts M G, 杨国安. 可持续发展研究方法国际进展:脆弱性分析方法与可持续生计方法比较[J]. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(1):11-21.
	[ Roberts M G, YANG Guoan. The international progress of sustainable development research:A comparison of vulnerability analysis and the sustainable livelihoods approach[J]. Progress in Geography, 2003, 22(1):11-21.]
[63]	保继刚, 孙九霞. 社区参与旅游发展的中西差异[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(4):401-403.
	[ BAO Jigang, SUN Jiuxia. A contrastive study on the difference in community participation in tourism between China and the West[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(4):401-403.]
[64]	陈宏胜, 王兴平, 刘晔, 等. 城镇化与居民主观福祉关系研究--兼论对城乡规划的检视与启示[J]. 城市规划, 2020, 44(7):18-27,90.
	[ CHEN Hongsheng, WANG Xingping, LIU Ye,et al. Relationship between urbanization and residents’ subjective well-being:Review and enlightenment on urban and rural planning[J]. City Planning Review, 2020, 44(7):18-27,90.]
[65]	陈佳, 张丽琼, 杨新军, 等. 乡村旅游开发对农户生计和社区旅游效应的影响--旅游开发模式视角的案例实证[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(9):1709-1724.
	[ CHEN Jia, ZHANG Liqiong, YANG Xinjun,et al. The impact of tourism development on changes of households’ livelihood and community tourism effect:A case study based on the perspective of tourism development mode[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(9):1709-1724.]
[66]	陈明星, 周园, 汤青, 等. 新型城镇化、居民福祉与国土空间规划应对[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6):1273-1287.
	[ CHEN Mingxing, ZHOU Yuan, TANG Qing,et al. New-type urbanization,well-being of residents,and the response of land spatial planning[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(6):1273-1287.]
[67]	崔峰, 尚久杨. 中国农业文化遗产研究的文献计量与知识图谱分析--基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库[J]., 2020, 28(9):1294-1304.
	[ CUI Feng, SHANG Jiuyang. Bibliometrics and knowledge-mapping analysis of progress in agricultural heritage research in China:Based on the China Knowledge Network and Web of Science databases[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(9):1294-1304.]
[68]	代光烁, 娜日苏, 董孝斌, 等. 内蒙古草原人类福祉与生态系统服务及其动态变化--以锡林郭勒草原为例[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(9):2422-2430.
	[ DAI Guangshuo, NA Risu, DONG Xiaobin,et al. The dynamic change of herdsmen well-being and ecosystem services in grassland of Inner Mongolia:Take Xilinguole League as example[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(9):2422-2430.]
[69]	段义孚. 恋地情结:对环境感知、态度与价值观的研究[M]. 志丞、刘苏译. 商务印书馆, 2018.
	[ DUAN Yifu. Topophilia:A Study of Environmental Perception,Attitudes and Values[M]. ZHI Cheng,LI Su,trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2018.]
[70]	何仁伟, 刘邵权, 陈国阶, 等. 中国农户可持续生计研究进展及趋向[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(4):657-670.
	[ HE Renwei, LIU Shaoquan, CHEN Guojie,et al. Research progress and tendency of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(4):657-670. ]
[71]	贺爱琳, 杨新军, 陈佳, 等. 乡村旅游发展对农户生计的影响--以秦岭北麓乡村旅游地为例[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34(12):174-181.
	[ HE Ailin, YANG Xinjun, CHEN Jia,et al. Impact of rural tourism development on farmer’s livelihoods:A case study of rural tourism destinations in northern slop of Qinling Mountains[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(12):174-181.]
[72]	贺艳华, 邬建国, 周国华, 等. 论乡村可持续性与乡村可持续性科学[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4):736-752.
	[ HE Yanhua, WU Jianguo, ZHOU Guohua,et al. Discussion on rural sustainability and rural sustainability science[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(4):736-752.]
[73]	黄甘霖, 姜亚琼, 刘志锋, 等. 人类福祉研究进展--基于可持续科学视角[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(23):7519-7527.
	[ HUANG Ganlin, JIANG Yaqiong, LIU Zhifeng,et al. Advances in human well-being research:A sustainability science perspective[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(23):7519-7527.]
[74]	李飞, 杨栋, 王厚全. 农户可持续生计框架下的乡村旅游影响研究--以北京市大兴区梨花村为例[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(8):405-407.
	[ LI Fei, YANG Dong, WANG Houquan. Research on the impact of rural tourism under the framework of farmers’ sustainable livelihoods:A case of Lihua Village,Daxing District,Beijing[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(8):405-407.]
[75]	李鑫远, 雷敏, 郗家祺, 等. 生态移民福祉影响因素研究--基于陕西省蓝田县农村抽样调研[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6):1127-1141.
	[ LI Xinyuan, LEI Min, XI Jiaqi,et al. A study on the influencing factors of rural residents’ well-being under the ecological migration:Based on the sampling survey of rural areas in Lantian County of Shaanxi Province[J]. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(6):1127-1141.]
[76]	任克强, 胡鹏辉. 社会治理共同体视角下社区治理体系的建构[J]. 河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2020, 22(5):99-105.
	[ REN Keqiang, HU Penghui. The construction of community governance system from the perspective of social governance community[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2020, 22(5):99-105.]
[77]	苏芳, 徐中民, 尚海洋. 可持续生计分析研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(1):61-69.
	[ SU Fang, XU Zhongmin, SHANG Haiyang. An overview of sustainable livelihoods approach[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(1):61-69.]
[78]	苏明明. 遗产保护与旅游发展--社区视角的多案例研究[M]. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2019.
	[ SU Mingming. Heritage conservation and tourism development:Multiple case studies from the community perspective[M]. Beijing: China Tourism Publisher, 2019.]
[79]	粟路军, 何学欢, 胡东滨. 旅游者主观幸福感研究进展及启示[J]. 四川师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 46(2):83-92.
	[ SU Lujun, HE Xuehuan, HU Dongbin. Research progress and enlightenment of tourists’ subjective well-being[J]. Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition), 2019, 46(2):83-92.]
[80]	苏明明, Wall G. 遗产旅游与社区参与--以北京慕田峪长城为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2012, 27(7):19-27.
	[ SU Mingming, Wall G. Heritage tourism and community participation:A case study of Mutianyu Great Wall in Beijing[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012, 27(7):19-27.]
[81]	孙九霞, 周一. 遗产旅游地居民的地方认同--碉乡符号、记忆与空间[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(12):2381-2394.
	[ SUN Jiuxia, ZHOU Yi. Residents’ place identity at heritage sites:Symbols,memories and space of the “Home of Diaolou”[J]. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(12):2381-2394.]
[82]	田建国, 庄贵阳, 朱庄瑞. 新时代中国人类福祉的理论框架和测量[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2019, 29(12):9-18.
	[ TIAN Jianguo, ZHUANG Guiyang, ZHU Zhuangrui. Theoretical framework and measurement of human well-being in the new era of China[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2019, 29(12):9-18.]
[83]	屠星月, 黄甘霖, 邬建国. 城市绿地可达性和居民福祉关系研究综述[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2):421-431.
	[ TU Xingyue, HUANG Ganlin, WU Jianguo. Review of the relationship between urban greenspace accessibility and human well-being[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(2):421-431.]
[84]	王瑾, 张玉钧, 石玲. 可持续生计目标下的生态旅游发展模式--以河北白洋淀湿地自然保护区王家寨社区为例[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(9):2388-2400.
	[ WANG Jin, ZHANG Yujun, SHI Ling. Evaluation index system of sustainable livelihoods ecotourism strategy:A case study of Wangjiazhai Community in Baiyangdian wetland nature reserve,Hebei[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(9):2388-2400.]
[85]	王靓. 社区福祉指标--澳大利亚维多利亚州社区指标系统探讨[J]. 规划师, 2012, 28(增刊1):182-187.
	[ WANG Jing. Community health and wellbeing in urban planning:Community indicators Victoria in Australia[J]. Planners, 2012, 28(S1):182-187.]
[86]	王圣云. 多维转向与福祉地理学研究框架重构[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(6):739-745.
	[ WANG Shengyun. Multidimensional turns and research frame re-construction of well-being geography[J]. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(6):739-745.]
[87]	徐建英, 王清, 魏建瑛. 卧龙自然保护区生态系统服务福祉贡献评估:当地居民的视角[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(20):7348-7358.
	[ XU Jianying, WANG Qing, WEI Jianying. Assessment of the contribution to human well-being by ecosystem services in Wolong natural reserve from the perspective of local communities[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(20):7348-7358.]
[88]	徐荣林, 吴昱芳, 石金莲. 基于旅游感知视角的居民主观福祉影响因素研究--以九寨沟国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 南京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2017, 16(4):104-114.
	[ XU Ronglin, WU Yufang, SHI Jinlian. Factors influencing the residents’ subjective well-being from the perspective of tourism perception:An empirical study on Jiuzhaigou national nature reserve[J]. Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Social Science Edition), 2017, 16(4):104-114.]
[89]	袁东波, 陈美球, 廖彩荣, 等. 土地转出农户主观福祉现状及其影响因素分析--基于生计资本视角[J]. 中国土地科学, 2019, 33(3):25-33.
	[ YUAN Dongbo, CHEN Meiqiu, LIAO Cairong,et al. Analysis of subjective well-being of farmers with land transfer and its influencing factors:From the perspective of livelihood capitals[J]. China Land Science, 2019, 33(3):25-33.]
[90]	占少贵, 王圣云, 傅春. 福祉研究文献综述[J]. 广西社会科学, 2014(12):100-105.
	[ ZHAN Shaogui, WANG Shengyun, FU Chun. Literature review of well-being research[J]. Guangxi Social Sciences, 2014(12):100-105.]
[91]	张爱平, 侯兵, 马楠. 农业文化遗产地社区居民旅游影响感知与态度--哈尼梯田的生计影响探讨[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(1):138-144.
	[ ZHANG Aiping, HOU Bing, MA Nan. Community residents’ perception of tourism impacts and their participation attitude in agricultural heritage sites:A case study of Hani Terraces[J]. Human Geography, 2017, 32(1):138-144.]
[92]	张灿强, 吴良. 中国重要农业文化遗产:内涵再识、保护进展与难点突破[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021(1):148-155.
	[ ZHANG Canqiang, WU Liang. Important agricultural heritage system in China:Connotation recognition,progress protection and difficulty breakthrough[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2021(1):148-155.]
[93]	张朝枝. 文化遗产与可持续旅游:共容、共融、共荣--“文化遗产与可持续旅游高峰论坛”的总结与反思[J]. 遗产与保护研究, 2017, 2(3):54-60.
	[ ZHANG Chaozhi. Cultural heritage and sustainable tourism:Mutual tolerance,mutual fusion,mutual prosperous-summary and reflection from the “cultural heritage and sustainable tourism summit forum”[J]. Research on Heritages and Preservation, 2017, 2(3):54-60.]
[94]	张海盈, 姚娟. 参与旅游业发展的牧民可持续生计研究--以新疆喀纳斯景区和南山风景区为例[J]. 旅游研究, 2013, 5(1):46-51,57.
	[ ZHANG Haiying, YAO Juan. Research on sustainable livelihood of the herdsmen to participating in tourism development:A case study of Kanas scenic spot and Nanshan scenic area in Xinjiang[J]. Tourism Research, 2013, 5(1):46-51,57.]
[95]	张瑾. 文化重构视野下的红瑶妇女生计变迁研究--以龙脊梯田景区黄洛瑶寨为例[J]. 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2011, 33(4):82-87.
	[ ZHANG Jin. On the changes of the livelihood of Red Yao Women in the perspective of cultural reconstruction:Taking Huangluo Yao Village in Longji terraced field scenic attraction as an example[J]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2011, 33(4):82-87.]
[96]	朱杰, 卢春天, 石金莲, 等. 自然保护区居民福祉的历时性--以陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(22):8299-8309.
	[ ZHU Jie, LU Chuntian, SHI Jinlian,et al. Diachronic study on the residents’ well-being in natural reserves:A case study of Foping national nature reserve,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(22):8299-8309.]