如何看见乡愁?——乡村旅游中乡愁景观的识别与表达

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.216

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“乡愁”作为乡村审美的重要主题，在乡村旅游中扮演着保存集体记忆、延续乡土文化的重要角色，亦能作为一种“景观符号”被表达。本研究选取山东省青岛市王哥庄街道为案例地，在视觉语境中，立足于“乡愁能够以景观的方式呈现”这一命题，通过隐喻抽取技术探讨游客与在地居民双主体对当地“乡愁景观”的识别与凝视过程，结合符号学理论分析乡愁的社会文化意义建构逻辑。结果显示：（1）王哥庄乡愁景观系统由“味道记忆类”“仪式场景类”“生活环境类”3种要素构成，各类景观符号动静结合，既有整体又有细节；（2）乡愁本身具有时代性和主体性，它因时代的变迁和情感视角不同而被建构出不同的社会文化意义，在本研究中，乡愁景观的最终符号属性包含生态、文化、情感、社会价值4个维度，并随时代发展体现出反思性、前瞻性的特点；（3）视觉感官确实能够直接刺激乡愁记忆泛起，但乡愁情感的深入体验往往是多感官共同作用的结果，未来的乡村旅游开发应重视乡愁景观的表达，建立起一种“多重具身视觉机制”。

关键词: 乡愁景观; 乡村旅游; 符号学; 隐喻抽取

Abstract:

As an important theme of rural aesthetics and an expression of “landscape symbol,” “nostalgia” plays an important role in preserving collective memory and continuing local culture in rural tourism. Wang Ge Zhuang, Qingdao, and Shandong were selected as the sites for the case study. Based on the proposition that “nostalgia can be represented in the form of landscape” and in the visual context, this study uses Metaphor Extraction Technology (ZMET) to explore the process of both tourists and local residents’ cognition and identification of the local nostalgia landscape and analyzes the socio-culturally significant construction logic of “nostalgia” from a semiotic perspective. The research findings are as follows. (1) The nostalgia landscape system of Wang Ge Zhuang comprises three elements of “taste memory,” “ritual scene,” and “living environment.” All kinds of landscape symbols are both dynamic and static and integrated as a whole with distinct and detailed individuality. (2) Nostalgia itself has the striking features of time and subjectivity, and different social and cultural meanings are constructed due to changes in time and various emotional perspectives. In this study, the ultimate symbolic attributes of the nostalgia landscape contain the four dimensions of ecology, culture, emotion, and social value and show the characteristics of reflectiveness and foresight with the progress of time. (3) Visual senses can directly stimulate nostalgic memory, but the deep experience of nostalgia is often the result of the joint action of multiple senses (such as taste). Importance should be attached to the expression of the nostalgia landscape and to the establishment of a “multiple embodied vision mechanism” in the future development of rural tourism.

Keywords: nostalgia landscape; rural tourism; semiotics; metaphor extraction

中图分类号:

蔡礼彬, 张子彧. 如何看见乡愁?——乡村旅游中乡愁景观的识别与表达[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(1): 19-40.

CAI Libin, ZHANG Ziyu. How to Evoke Nostalgia? Identification and Expression of Nostalgia Landscape in Rural Tourism[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(1): 19-40.

图/表 18

参考文献 30

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游客编号 Visitor number	性别 Gender	年龄 Age	涉入分数 Score of involvement	涉入程度 Level of involvement	居民编号 Resident number	性别 Gender	年龄 Age	涉入分数 Score of involvement	涉入程度 Level of involvement
1	男	23岁	52	中	7	女	24岁	85	高
2	女	33岁	71	高	8	女	35岁	95	高
3	女	24岁	65	高	9	女	40岁	76	高
4	女	23岁	62	高	10	女	56岁	87	高
5	男	49岁	80	高	11	男	30岁	73	高
6	女	25岁	85	高	12	女	52岁	89	高

游客编号 Visitor number	性别 Gender	年龄 Age	涉入分数 Score of involvement	涉入程度 Level of involvement	居民编号 Resident number	性别 Gender	年龄 Age	涉入分数 Score of involvement	涉入程度 Level of involvement
1	男	23岁	52	中	7	女	24岁	85	高
2	女	33岁	71	高	8	女	35岁	95	高
3	女	24岁	65	高	9	女	40岁	76	高
4	女	23岁	62	高	10	女	56岁	87	高
5	男	49岁	80	高	11	男	30岁	73	高
6	女	25岁	85	高	12	女	52岁	89	高

序号 Number	照片编号 Photo number	说故事 Story telling	攀梯法 The ladder method
1	（2）做馒头	这是很熟悉的场景，我奶奶每天都会自己做馒头，就是纯手工做，然后送给邻居	场景→现在馒头成为一种产业和商品，成为文化品牌，这当然很好，但我还是觉得这应该是家的味道味道→这就是家的记忆啊，这味道就是我们邻里之间那种温暖关系的证明，是我和家乡的情感联系
构念抽取：馒头→场景→产品→家的味道→亲情→邻里关系→温暖→情感联系
2	……

序号 Number	照片编号 Photo number	说故事 Story telling	攀梯法 The ladder method
1	（2）做馒头	这是很熟悉的场景，我奶奶每天都会自己做馒头，就是纯手工做，然后送给邻居	场景→现在馒头成为一种产业和商品，成为文化品牌，这当然很好，但我还是觉得这应该是家的味道味道→这就是家的记忆啊，这味道就是我们邻里之间那种温暖关系的证明，是我和家乡的情感联系
构念抽取：馒头→场景→产品→家的味道→亲情→邻里关系→温暖→情感联系
2	……

分类A Classification A	编号（2）（3）（4） Number（2）（3）（4）
产品/商品 Production
分组标签与记录说明 Grouping label and records show	图片的共同点：这些商品能代表我们这边的产业编号（3）（4）：集市或者说它卖的商品，有他们的支撑，我们这的经济发展起来了，人们赶集带走的东西，也成了他们和家乡的情感联结，日后想起来还会有种氛围感（相似性）编号（2）：商品虽然是普遍的，但技艺才是真正的传承，这种传承提升了产品的附加价值，增强了我们对家乡传统文化或者技艺的认同感（差异性）
构念抽取 Construct extracting	产品→经济发展→情感联结→回忆→氛围感产品→技艺传承→附加价值→认同感
分类B Classification B	……