“阿者科计划”的个体特殊性超越与边界约束——布迪厄社会实践理论视角

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“阿者科计划”作为传统村落旅游吸引物权制度化落地的首个实践案例，成功破解了乡村旅游发展的资本逻辑，为全球旅游减贫提供了中国方案。为明晰其参考价值，本文运用布迪厄的社会实践理论，对该计划的实践逻辑及其普适性问题进行了深入阐释。研究认为：（1）阿者科村的遗产身份以及中国文物管理制度，构成了该计划实施的结构性边界约束，并由此决定了旅游吸引物权制度化之特殊性面向，而旅游吸引物权的制度化运作又为遗产保护和旅游股份制经营提供了经济与制度的双重保障，使其得以超越个体特殊性而具有一定的群体普遍性。（2）文物遗产管理制度与旅游吸引物权的制度化共同建构了一种良性的互动机制，保障了旅游吸引物权得以实现股权制运作，并最终有可能重新确立一种正义的遗产型乡村旅游场域的“信念场”。

关键词: 阿者科计划; 遗产型村落; 乡村旅游; 旅游吸引物权; 遗产管理; 布迪厄社会实践理论

Abstract:

As the first practical case of institutionalizing the “property rights of traditional villages as tourist attractions,” the “Azheke Plan” has successfully cracked the capital logic of rural tourism development and provided a Chinese solution for tourism-based global poverty reduction. To clarify its reference value, Bourdieu’s social practice theory was used to illustrate the practical logic of the plan and its universality. The research results are as follows. (1) The heritage identity of Azheke village and China’s management system of cultural relics constitute a structural boundary that helps guide the plan’s implementation and thus determine the particularity of institutionalizing the “property rights of tourist attraction,” which in turn provides a dual economic and institutional guarantee for heritage protection and tourism joint-stock operation; this enables it to transcend individual particularity and at the same time have certain collective universality. (2) The management system of cultural heritage and the institutionalized “property rights of tourist attractions” jointly create a benign interaction mechanism, which ensures that tourist attractions can conduct a shareholding operation on the basis of their property rights, and may eventually re-establish a just “belief field” of the heritage-based rural tourism field.

Keywords: Azheke Plan; heritage-type village; rural tourism; property rights of tourist attractions; heritage management; Bourdieu’s theory of social practice

中图分类号:

王维艳. “阿者科计划”的个体特殊性超越与边界约束——布迪厄社会实践理论视角[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(1): 41-61.

WANG Weiyan. Transcending the Individual Particularity and Boundary Constraint of “Azheke Plan”: A Bourdieusian Perspective on Social Practice[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(1): 41-61.

图/表 4

图1 阿者科遗产旅游传统场域中3种资本之间的运作模式

Fig.1 Operation mode among three kinds of capital in the traditional field of Azheke heritage tourism

图2 阿者科遗产旅游场域中的各类资本及其“赠品”运作模式

Fig.2 Various types of capital in Azheke heritage tourism field and its “gift” operation mode

图3 阿者科旅游吸引物权制度化路径的保障机制

Fig.3 The guarantee mechanism of Azheke tourism attraction property right institutionalization path

图4 “阿者科计划”之特殊性与普遍性的辩证关系

Fig.4 Dialectical relationship between the particularity and universality of “Azheke Plan”

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