关键词: 进化论; 进化心理学; 休闲; 本质; 内涵

Abstract:

The theory of evolution influences nearly every aspect of humankind’s behavior research. Also, based on the theory of evolution, the evolutionary psychology appeared in 1990s is a new research area in modern western psychology. But by now, the two theories have no effect on the field of leisure study yet. From the perspective of evolutionism and evolutionary psychology, using historical and logical approach, the paper first sorts out how the gathering-hunting life style formed humankind’s body shape, structure, and function (including mind). Then, the paper points out that production and life styles in the traditional agricultural society, in comparison to the modern industrial society, better adapted to humankind’s nature that shaped in gathering-hunting society. The division of labor in modern industrial society (including industrialized modern agriculture) deprived quite a part of humankind’s usage of their structure and function, which led to the people’s discomfort. Therefore, the meaning of positive leisure is to make those part of deserted and unused body function be used creatively again, and make people’s mind feel happy and enjoyable. Based on this viewpoint, the paper puts forward four aspects of implications to the leisure study in the end: 1.Theoretically and logically, to unify and explain the current main theories about the leisure self-consistently; 2.The essence of leisure is to switch a person’s always engaged activities to other disparate things, namely, make his/her over-used body, function and mind rest and over-rested parts to be exercised; 3.Leisure activities should supply people some certain degree of effective physical and environmental stimulus, and simply to emphasize the comfort and convenience is not always right; 4.It is essential and urgent for researchers and policy-makers to consider how to afford people active leisure activities which are based on human being’s nature and to achieve human being’s full development and self-worth thereby.

Keywords: evolutionism; evolutionary psychology; leisure; essence; connotation