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旅游导刊 ›› 2022, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5): 50-68.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.210
收稿日期:
2021-10-30
修回日期:
2022-07-15
出版日期:
2022-10-30
发布日期:
2022-11-08
作者简介:
李卫飞(1987— ),男,河南平顶山人,博士,湘潭大学商学院讲师,研究方向:休闲与社会发展。E-mail: feiweili@163.com基金资助:
LI Weifei1(), SHI Shaoxiang2, YUAN Lin1
Received:
2021-10-30
Revised:
2022-07-15
Online:
2022-10-30
Published:
2022-11-08
摘要:
城乡差异一直以来都是重要的研究议题,但现有文献多将研究重点聚焦在经济层面,忽视了对城乡居民生活质量差异的探讨。本文从休闲角度出发,使用中国社会综合调查年度数据,运用潜类别分析方法,建立回归混合模型,探讨了我国居民休闲生活方式的城乡差异及影响因素。研究结果显示:(1)城乡居民的休闲生活方式差异明显,城市居民整体休闲参与频率明显高于农村居民;(2)城乡居民休闲参与类型的差异明显,城市居民更多地参与到发展完善型休闲活动当中,农村居民则较少选择高质量的休闲活动;(3)导致城乡居民休闲生活方式差异的因素主要为公共教育、医疗卫生和社会保障等政府公共服务因素以及年龄、健康状况、受教育水平等个体因素。本研究的结论有助于缩小城乡差距,平衡城乡居民的幸福感和获得感,为我国居民休闲生活方式的城乡差异研究提供经验证据。
中图分类号:
李卫飞, 石少湘, 袁琳. 城乡居民休闲生活方式差异及影响因素研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2022, 6(5): 50-68.
LI Weifei, SHI Shaoxiang, YUAN Lin. Differences in and Influencing Factors of the Leisure Lifestyles of Urban and Rural Residents[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2022, 6(5): 50-68.
休闲活动类型 Types of leisure activities | 休闲活动 Leisure activities |
---|---|
发展完善型休闲活动 | 4.读书/报纸/杂志;5.参加文化活动;9.参加体育锻炼;11.做手工 |
消遣娱乐型休闲活动 | 1.看电视或看碟;2.看电影;3.购物逛街;8.在家听音乐;10.观看体育比赛;12.上网 |
人际交往型休闲活动 | 6.与亲戚聚会;7.与朋友聚会 |
表2 休闲活动类型划分
Tab. 2 Classification of leisure activity types
休闲活动类型 Types of leisure activities | 休闲活动 Leisure activities |
---|---|
发展完善型休闲活动 | 4.读书/报纸/杂志;5.参加文化活动;9.参加体育锻炼;11.做手工 |
消遣娱乐型休闲活动 | 1.看电视或看碟;2.看电影;3.购物逛街;8.在家听音乐;10.观看体育比赛;12.上网 |
人际交往型休闲活动 | 6.与亲戚聚会;7.与朋友聚会 |
发展完善型 Developmental leisure activities | 消遣娱乐型 Entertainment-based leisure activities | 人际交往型 Interpersonal leisure activities | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
低参与组 | 城市 | 1.900 | 2.083 | 2.172 |
农村 | 1.444 | 1.897 | 2.042 | |
中参与组 | 城市 | 2.266 | 3.046 | 2.592 |
农村 | 1.954 | 2.852 | 2.445 | |
高参与组 | 城市 | 2.899 | 3.421 | 2.932 |
农村 | 2.699 | 3.155 | 2.917 |
表3 城乡居民休闲活动类型参与度
Tab. 3 Participation of urban and rural residents in leisure activity types
发展完善型 Developmental leisure activities | 消遣娱乐型 Entertainment-based leisure activities | 人际交往型 Interpersonal leisure activities | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
低参与组 | 城市 | 1.900 | 2.083 | 2.172 |
农村 | 1.444 | 1.897 | 2.042 | |
中参与组 | 城市 | 2.266 | 3.046 | 2.592 |
农村 | 1.954 | 2.852 | 2.445 | |
高参与组 | 城市 | 2.899 | 3.421 | 2.932 |
农村 | 2.699 | 3.155 | 2.917 |
变量 Variables | 城市Urban | 农村Rural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class1 vs. Class2 | Class3 vs. Class2 | Class1 vs. Class2 | Class3 vs. Class2 | |
公共教育 | -0.017 (0.018) | 0.008 (0.01) | -0.829*** (0.014) | -0.007 (0.01) |
医疗卫生 | 0.005 (0.018) | -0.004 (0.011) | -0.952*** (0.027) | -0.008 (0.014) |
住房保障 | 0.004 (0.016) | -0.01 (0.009) | 0.258*** (0.014) | 0.022 (0.014) |
劳动就业 | 0.019 (0.018) | -0.008 (0.012) | 0.616*** (0.041) | 0.030** (0.011) |
社会保障 | 0.016 (0.016) | -0.007 (0.009) | -0.312*** (0.015) | -0.001 (0.015) |
基本社会服务 | -0.016 (0.016) | -0.003 (0.711) | -0.252*** (0.018) | -0.056** (0.018) |
公共文化与体育 | -0.026 (0.028) | -0.003 (0.730) | 0.001 (0.020) | -0.055** (0.020) |
城乡基础设施 | 0.145*** (0.037) | 0.139*** (0.036) | 0.664*** (0.028) | -0.006 (0.028) |
性别 | -0.129 (0.114) | -0.006 (0.008) | -0.002 (0.029) | -0.07** (0.029) |
年龄 | -0.208** (0.087) | -0.002 (0.014) | -1.453*** (0.017) | 0.013 (0.017) |
受教育水平 | 0.030 (0.026) | 0.033 (0.020) | -9.685*** (0.029) | 0.062** (0.029) |
健康水平 | -0.026 (0.025) | -0.036* (0.021) | 0.145*** (0.025) | 0.011 (0.035) |
信息获取 | -0.069 (0.044) | -0.004 (0.007) | 0.659*** (0.022) | -0.004 (0.022) |
周工作时间 | -0.029 (0.029) | 0.011 (0.010) | 0.450*** (0.023) | -0.045** (0.022) |
社会等级 | -0.034 (0.042) | -0.001 (0.012) | 0.792** (0.271) | -0.384 (0.271) |
家庭人口数 | -0.001 (0.001) | -0.001** (0.000) | 0.019 (0.019) | 0.006 (0.019) |
个人年收入(千元) | -0.021 (0.153) | 0.033 (0.042) | -0.264*** (0.004) | 0.007** (0.004) |
截距 | 0.699 (1.279) | 3.288*** (0.673) | 24.136*** (1.305) | -1.989 (1.305) |
表4 城乡居民休闲生活方式差异影响因素
Tab. 4 Factors influencing the difference in leisure lifestyles between urban and rural residents
变量 Variables | 城市Urban | 农村Rural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class1 vs. Class2 | Class3 vs. Class2 | Class1 vs. Class2 | Class3 vs. Class2 | |
公共教育 | -0.017 (0.018) | 0.008 (0.01) | -0.829*** (0.014) | -0.007 (0.01) |
医疗卫生 | 0.005 (0.018) | -0.004 (0.011) | -0.952*** (0.027) | -0.008 (0.014) |
住房保障 | 0.004 (0.016) | -0.01 (0.009) | 0.258*** (0.014) | 0.022 (0.014) |
劳动就业 | 0.019 (0.018) | -0.008 (0.012) | 0.616*** (0.041) | 0.030** (0.011) |
社会保障 | 0.016 (0.016) | -0.007 (0.009) | -0.312*** (0.015) | -0.001 (0.015) |
基本社会服务 | -0.016 (0.016) | -0.003 (0.711) | -0.252*** (0.018) | -0.056** (0.018) |
公共文化与体育 | -0.026 (0.028) | -0.003 (0.730) | 0.001 (0.020) | -0.055** (0.020) |
城乡基础设施 | 0.145*** (0.037) | 0.139*** (0.036) | 0.664*** (0.028) | -0.006 (0.028) |
性别 | -0.129 (0.114) | -0.006 (0.008) | -0.002 (0.029) | -0.07** (0.029) |
年龄 | -0.208** (0.087) | -0.002 (0.014) | -1.453*** (0.017) | 0.013 (0.017) |
受教育水平 | 0.030 (0.026) | 0.033 (0.020) | -9.685*** (0.029) | 0.062** (0.029) |
健康水平 | -0.026 (0.025) | -0.036* (0.021) | 0.145*** (0.025) | 0.011 (0.035) |
信息获取 | -0.069 (0.044) | -0.004 (0.007) | 0.659*** (0.022) | -0.004 (0.022) |
周工作时间 | -0.029 (0.029) | 0.011 (0.010) | 0.450*** (0.023) | -0.045** (0.022) |
社会等级 | -0.034 (0.042) | -0.001 (0.012) | 0.792** (0.271) | -0.384 (0.271) |
家庭人口数 | -0.001 (0.001) | -0.001** (0.000) | 0.019 (0.019) | 0.006 (0.019) |
个人年收入(千元) | -0.021 (0.153) | 0.033 (0.042) | -0.264*** (0.004) | 0.007** (0.004) |
截距 | 0.699 (1.279) | 3.288*** (0.673) | 24.136*** (1.305) | -1.989 (1.305) |
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