基于理论应用视角的会展与节事研究述评

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有的会展与节事研究综述类文献主要对研究现状、进展进行探讨以及对文献进行计量分析,对会展与节事研究中的理论应用情况缺乏回顾。本文统计了2000—2019年国内外会议、展览与节事领域发表的学术研究文章所用的理论及理论来源学科,并对每篇文章的理论应用程度进行了划分,发现：节事研究是国内外会展与节事研究的焦点,主要应用社会交换理论;国内应用的理论主要来源于经济学,国外则多应用心理学理论。根据“理论可见性类型”水平的评价方法,有近一半数量的文章能够将理论应用贯穿全文并用以指导研究。

关键词: 会议、展览与节事研究; 理论应用; 综述

Abstract:

The existing literature on the study of conventions, exhibitions, festivals, and special events has concentrated primarily on frontier issues and bibliometric analysis. Meanwhile, few studies have focused on how theories are used. This study conducted a systematic review of 333 domestic publications and 502 foreign publications from 2000 to 2019 to assess the use of theories from various disciplines, and these articles have been scrutinized for the levels of theoretical visibility. This exploratory research finds that there are many domestic and foreign publications in the field of festivals, most of which use the social exchange theory. Theories from economics are most often used in domestic studies, while foreign articles often adopt psychological theories. Based on the typology of theoretical visibility, it is found that in nearly half of the domestic and foreign publications, theories are consistently applied throughout the entire research process, which suggests that theories do provide theoretical guidance for the practice of research.

Keywords: conventions, exhibitions, festivals and special events; theory-in-use; literature review

中图分类号:

刘林艳,张茵,靳杨楠. 基于理论应用视角的会展与节事研究述评[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(2): 1-34.

LIU Linyan,ZHANG Yin,JIN Yangnan. The Study of Conventions, Exhibitions, Festivals, and Special Events: A Theoretical Review[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(2): 1-34.

图/表 11

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提出者	“大会展”概念范围
Fenich（2007）	MEEC（Meetings,Expositions,Events,Conventions）
Getz和Page（2016）	事先经过策划的活动（planned events）分为商业活动（business events）、节日与文化活动（festival and culture events）、娱乐活动（entertainment events）、体育活动（sport events）4类
Getz和Page（2016）	活动分为文化庆典（cultural celebrations）、商业与贸易（business and trade）、艺术与娱乐（arts and entertainment）、体育与娱乐（sport and recreation）、政治与国家活动（political and state）、私人聚会（private functions）共6类
Silvers、Bowdin和O’Toole等（2005）	根据活动目的将活动分为商务及公司活动（business & corporate events）,公益及筹款活动（cause-related & fundraising events）,展览会、博览会及交易会（exhibitions,expositions & fairs）,娱乐及休闲活动（entertainment & leisure events）,节庆（festivals）,政府及市政活动（government & civic events）,营销活动（marketing events）,会议及大会活动（meeting & convention events）,社会/人生里程碑活动（social/life-cycle events）,体育赛事（sports events）

提出者	“大会展”概念范围
Fenich（2007）	MEEC（Meetings,Expositions,Events,Conventions）
Getz和Page（2016）	事先经过策划的活动（planned events）分为商业活动（business events）、节日与文化活动（festival and culture events）、娱乐活动（entertainment events）、体育活动（sport events）4类
Getz和Page（2016）	活动分为文化庆典（cultural celebrations）、商业与贸易（business and trade）、艺术与娱乐（arts and entertainment）、体育与娱乐（sport and recreation）、政治与国家活动（political and state）、私人聚会（private functions）共6类
Silvers、Bowdin和O’Toole等（2005）	根据活动目的将活动分为商务及公司活动（business & corporate events）,公益及筹款活动（cause-related & fundraising events）,展览会、博览会及交易会（exhibitions,expositions & fairs）,娱乐及休闲活动（entertainment & leisure events）,节庆（festivals）,政府及市政活动（government & civic events）,营销活动（marketing events）,会议及大会活动（meeting & convention events）,社会/人生里程碑活动（social/life-cycle events）,体育赛事（sports events）

可见性类型	类型描述
等级1：似乎缺少理论 Level 1：seemingly absent	没有提及任何理论,这一类型文章的作者可能隐含了某一理论,但理论未在文中显现
等级2：含有理论 Level 2：implied	作者在某种程度上提及理论（主要在背景介绍、引言部分）,但未对理论进行陈述
等级3：不充分地应用理论 Level 3：partially applied	作者提及在研究中应用某一特定理论,但未将理论与研究相联系,仅在研究目的、提出问题或数据分析中部分提及理论
等级4：回顾式应用理论 Level 4：retrospectively applied	作者在研究结束时提出理论,作为理解研究结果的方式
等级5：贯穿式应用理论 Level 5：consistently applied	作者在整个研究过程中应用理论,在全文中指导研究过程的各个阶段

可见性类型	类型描述
等级1：似乎缺少理论 Level 1：seemingly absent	没有提及任何理论,这一类型文章的作者可能隐含了某一理论,但理论未在文中显现
等级2：含有理论 Level 2：implied	作者在某种程度上提及理论（主要在背景介绍、引言部分）,但未对理论进行陈述
等级3：不充分地应用理论 Level 3：partially applied	作者提及在研究中应用某一特定理论,但未将理论与研究相联系,仅在研究目的、提出问题或数据分析中部分提及理论
等级4：回顾式应用理论 Level 4：retrospectively applied	作者在研究结束时提出理论,作为理解研究结果的方式
等级5：贯穿式应用理论 Level 5：consistently applied	作者在整个研究过程中应用理论,在全文中指导研究过程的各个阶段

年份	国内			国外
年份	文献总数	应用理论的文献数量	占比	文献总数	应用理论的文献数量	占比
2000	0	0	0.00%	0	0	0.00%
2001	0	0	0.00%	1	1	100.00%
2002	1	0	0.00%	0	0	0.00%
2003	0	0	0.00%	2	0	0.00%
2004	1	0	0.00%	1	1	100.00%
2005	0	0	0.00%	3	0	0.00%
2006	3	1	33.33%	4	1	25.00%
2007	0	0	0.00%	5	1	20.00%
2008	2	1	50.00%	5	0	0.00%
2009	0	0	0.00%	6	5	83.33%
2010	1	0	0.00%	6	1	16.67%
2011	1	0	0.00%	2	0	0.00%
2012	1	0	0.00%	5	2	40.00%
2013	3	1	33.33%	1	0	0.00%
2014	1	1	100.00%	3	2	66.67%
2015	1	1	100.00%	2	2	100.00%
2016	0	0	0.00%	4	3	75.00%
2017	0	0	0.00%	7	6	85.71%
2018	0	0	0.00%	3	0	0.00%
2019	1	1	100.00%	5	0	0.00%
总计	16	6	37.50%	65	26	40.00%