游客旅游审美行为意向的影响因素及机理研究——基于计划行为理论拓展模型

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.189

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游审美是旅游活动的根本属性,游客审美行为影响研究对深入理解旅游活动审美本质,厘清游客审美行为驱动机制,创建“知美—悟美—尚美”的旅游新风尚,探究旅游高质量发展途径具有重要意义。本研究基于计划行为理论和认知理论,加入旅游审美认知变量,构建了游客审美行为意向影响构念模型,并采用结构方程模型展开了实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）游客审美认知、审美行为态度对旅游审美行为意向具有正向驱动作用,其中审美认知影响作用最大,是关键因素,行为态度次之,是重要因素;（2）游客主观规范、行为控制认知对审美行为态度具有正向主导作用,并通过主导行为态度间接影响审美行为意向。

关键词: 旅游审美; 行为意向; 计划行为理论; 游客

Abstract:

Tourism aesthetics constitute a fundamental attribute of tourism activities. Research on the influence of tourists’ aesthetic behavior has profound significance for a deeper understanding of the aesthetic character of tourism activities, for clarifying the mechanism of tourists’ aesthetic behavior, for setting a new tourism trend of “knowing beauty, appreciating beauty and advocating beauty,” and for exploring what is best in tourism development. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and cognition, this paper constructs a model of tourists’ aesthetic behavior intention (ABI) by adding tourists’ aesthetic and cognitive variables, and carries out an empirical study by using SEM method. The results show that: (1) tourists’ aesthetic cognition (AC) and aesthetic behavior attitude (ABA) have a positive effect on intended aesthetic behavior, with path coefficients of 0.399 and 0.335 respectively, indicating that AC is the key factor followed by ABA as a supporting factor; (2) tourists’ subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) play a leading positive role in ABA, with path coefficients of 0.444 and 0.362 respectively, indirectly influencing ABI through ABA.

Keywords: tourism aesthetics; behavioral intention; TPB; tourists

中图分类号:

罗文斌, 丁德孝, 裴娇阳. 游客旅游审美行为意向的影响因素及机理研究——基于计划行为理论拓展模型[J]. 旅游导刊, 2022, 6(3): 62-85.

LUO Wenbin, DING Dexiao, PEI Jiaoyang. Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Tourists’ Intended Aesthetic Behavior: An Extended Model Based on the TPB[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2022, 6(3): 62-85.

图/表 6

参考文献 57

[1]	Ajzen I. From intentions to actions:A theory of planned behavior[M]// Kuhl J,Beckmann J. Action Control:From Cognition to Behavior. Berlin:Springer, 1985:11-39.
[2]	Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1991, 50(2):179-211.
[3]	Breiby M A. Exploring aesthetic dimensions in nature-based tourist experiences[J]. Tourism Analysis, 2015, 20(4):369-380.
[4]	Breiby M A, Slåtten T. The role of aesthetic experiential qualities for tourist satisfaction and loyalty[J]. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2018, 12(1):1-14.
[5]	Fornell C, Larcker D F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981, 18(1):39-50.
[6]	Hamid M R A, Mustafa M R, Suradi N R M, et al. Value-based performance excellence measurement for higher education institution:Instrument validation[J]. Quality & Quantity, 2013, 47(6):3019-3030.
[7]	Kirillova K, Fu X X, Lehto X, et al. What makes a destination beautiful? Dimensions of tourist aesthetic judgment[J]. Tourism Management, 2014(42):282-293.
[8]	Knapp T R. Focus on psychometrics. Coefficient alpha:Conceptualizations and anomalies[J]. Research in Nursing & Health, 1991, 14(6):457-460.
[9]	Lam L W. Impact of competitiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2012, 65(9):1328-1334.
[10]	Lee J, Yim M H, Kim J Y. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire in the Sasang constitutional analysis tool(SCAT)[J]. Integrative Medicine Research, 2018, 7(2):136-140.
[11]	Payntar N D, Hsiao W L, Covey R A, et al. Learning patterns of tourist movement and photography from geotagged photos at archaeological heritage sites in Cuzco,Peru[J]. Tourism Management, 2021(82):104165.
[12]	Rahim M A, Magner N R. Confirmatory factor analysis of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict:First-Order factor model and its invariance across groups[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1995, 80(1):122-132.
[13]	Shen K, Shen H W. Chinese traditional village residents’ behavioural intention to support tourism:An extended model of the theory of planned behaviour[J]. Tourism Review, 2021, 76(2):439-459.
[14]	Zhang Q F, Xu H G. Understanding aesthetic experiences in nature-based tourism:The important role of tourists’ literary associations[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2020(16):100429.
[15]	曹诗图, 孙天胜, 周德清. 旅游审美是诗意的对话——兼论中西哲学思想中的审美观[J]. 旅游论坛, 2011, 4(2):115-118.
	[ CAO Shitu, SUN Tiansheng, ZHOU Deqing. Tourism aesthetics as a poetic dialogue:Also on aesthetics in Chinese and western philosophy[J]. Tourism Forum, 2011, 4(2):115-118.]
[16]	陈刚. 论旅游的审美本质[J]. 旅游学刊, 1992, 7(4):50-52.
	[ CHEN Gang. On the aesthetic essence of tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 1992, 7(4):50-52.]
[17]	陈守湖. 原乡视景与“地方美学”——审美现代性视域下的侗族服饰艺术[J]. 中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2016, 36(1):48-52.
	[ CHEN Shouhu. Hometown vision and “local aesthetics”:Dong costume art from the perspective of aesthetic modernity[J]. Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Sciences), 2016, 36(1):48-52.]
[18]	仇梦嫄, 张捷, 张宏磊, 等. 基于旅游声景认知的游客环保行为驱动机制研究——以厦门鼓浪屿为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(11):105-115.
	[ QIU Mengyuan, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Honglei, et al. The driving mechanism of tourists’ pro-environment behavior based on cognition of tourism soundscapes:A case of Kulangsu[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(11):105-115.]
[19]	邓勇勇. 旅游本质的探讨——回顾、共识与展望[J]. 旅游学刊, 2019, 34(4):132-142.
	[ DENG Yongyong. The essence of tourism:Review,consensus and prospects[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019, 34(4):132-142.]
[20]	段文婷, 江光荣. 计划行为理论述评[J]. 心理科学进展, 2008, 16(2):315-320.
	[ DUAN Wenting, JIANG Guangrong. A review of the theory of planned behavior[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2008, 16(2):315-320.]
[21]	黄艺农. 旅游审美[J]. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报, 1998(1):25-29.
	[ HUANG Yinong. Tourism aesthetics[J]. Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University, 1998(1):25-29.]
[22]	姜辽, 徐红罡. 文学旅游的审美消费:以水泊梁山为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(5):71-79.
	[ JIANG Liao, XU Honggang. Aesthetic consumption in literary tourism:A case study of Liangshan[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(5):71-79.]
[23]	金少萍, 王璐. 场域视阈下傣族织锦艺术审美及其变迁——以西双版纳曼暖典村为个案[J]. 云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2015, 47(5):133-142.
	[ JIN Shaoping, WANG Lu. Aesthetic characteristics and changes embodied in the Dai’s brocade in the perspective of the field-habitus theory:A case study in Mannuandian Village of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture[J]. Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2015, 47(5):133-142.]
[24]	李晓明, 周轩, 徐明. 旅游审美判断对目的地形象生成的作用机制研究[J]. 财贸研究, 2017, 28(5):100-110.
	[ LI Xiaoming, ZHOU Xuan, XU Ming. The functional mechanism of travelers’ aesthetic judgement on destination image formation[J]. Finance and Trade Research, 2017, 28(5):100-110.]
[25]	李志宏. “美是什么”命题辨伪——认知美学初论[J]. 吉林大学社会科学学报, 1999(2):1-6,93.
	[ LI Zhihong. An essay on cognitive aesthetics[J]. Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition, 1999(2):1-6,93.]
[26]	梁玉水. “审美认知模式”理论探究——基于认知神经科学视域的当代美学研究[J]. 文艺争鸣, 2014(4):56-60.
	[ LIANG Yushui. Theoretical exploration of “aesthetic cognitive model”:Contemporary aesthetic research based on cognitive neuroscience[J]. Literary Contending, 2014(4):56-60.]
[27]	刘佳, 王焕真. 旅游者环境责任行为驱动机制研究——基于我国海滨风景区的案例分析[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2020, 39(6):84-90,97.
	[ LIU Jia, WANG Huanzhen. Driving forces of tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior:Based on the empirical analysis of coastal scenic spots[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2020, 39(6):84-90,97.]
[28]	龙娅琳, 吴俊. 国内外审美体验在旅游中的应用研究综述[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(3):87-104.
	[ LONG Yalin, WU Jun. A review of the application of aesthetic experience in tourism studies[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2020, 4(3):87-104.]
[29]	陆敏, 殷樱, 陶卓民. 基于计划行为理论的游客不文明行为产生机理研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33(4):196-202.
	[ LU Min, YIN Ying, TAO Zhuomin. Research on the mechanism of tourists’ uncivilized behaviors based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2019, 33(4):196-202.]
[30]	罗文斌, 钟诚, TIMOTHY D J, 等. 乡村旅游开发中女性村官参与行为影响机理研究——以湖南省女性村官为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(1):54-63.
	[ LUO Wenbin, ZHONG Cheng, TIMOTHY D J, et al. Participatory behavior of women village officials in rural tourism:A case study in Hunan province[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(1):54-63.]
[31]	吕宁, 韩霄, 赵亚茹. 旅游中小企业经营者创新行为的影响机制——基于计划行为理论的扎根研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(3):57-69.
	[ LYU Ning, HAN Xiao, ZHAO Yaru. The influencing mechanism of tourism SMEs’ innovative behavior:A ground-based study based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2021, 36(3):57-69.]
[32]	吕勤智, 赵千慧, 王一涵. 基于审美体验的乡村旅游景观营造探究——以浙江省石壁湖村为例[J]. 浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 18(3):293-297,314.
	[ LYU Qinzhi, ZHAO Qianhui, WANG Yihan. Research on landscape planning of rural tourism based on aesthetic experience:Taking Shibihu Village(Zhejiang province) as an example[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology(Social Science), 2019, 18(3):293-297,314.]
[33]	吕宛青. 居民可持续遗产旅游参与行为研究——基于计划行为理论视角[J]. 社会科学家, 2019(12):89-100.
	[ LYU Wanqing. Residents’ behavioral participation in sustainable heritage tourism:The perspective of theory of planned behavior[J]. Social Scientist, 2019(12):89-100.]
[34]	潘海颖. 旅游体验审美精神论[J]. 旅游学刊, 2012, 27(5):88-93.
	[ PAN Haiying. On aesthetic spirit of tourist experience[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012, 27(5):88-93.]
[35]	沈敏, 周永博. 旅游景观审美层次与结构探析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(35):21886-21888.
	[ SHEN Min, ZHOU Yongbo. Study on the hierarchy and structure of tourist landscape appreciation[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(35):21886-21888.]
[36]	孙佼佼, 谢彦君. 从权力在场到审美在场:旅游体验视角下场所精神的变迁——以陕西省兴平市汉武帝茂陵为例[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(2):129-136.
	[ SUN Jiaojiao, XIE Yanjun. From the presence of power to the presence of aesthetics:The shift of place spirit from the perspective of tourism experience:A case of Mao mausoleum of emperor Wu of Han dynasty[J]. Human Geography, 2017, 32(2):129-136.]
[37]	王金伟, 吕品晶, 胡园丽. 吉林民俗文化的景观美学属性及旅游开发研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(1):154-158.
	[ WANG Jinwei, LYU Pinjing, HU Yuanli. Landscape esthetic properties and tourism research and development of folk culture in Jilin province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(1):154-158.]
[38]	王祖良, 陆诤岚, 王小英. 农家乐发展下地方审美文化变迁程度的实证分析[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(6):974-982.
	[ WANG Zuliang, LU Zhenglan, WANG Xiaoying. Empirical analysis of degree of local aesthetic cultural changes under development of agritainment[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2014, 31(6):974-982.]
[39]	吴海伦. 旅游审美观照的哲学阐释[J]. 旅游学刊, 2015, 30(6):111-118.
	[ WU Hailun. Tourism aesthetic contemplation:A philosophical interpretation[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2015, 30(6):111-118.]
[40]	吴海伦. 旅游审美观照发生条件的哲学分析[J]. 旅游科学, 2016, 30(6):66-73.
	[ WU Hailun. A philosophical analysis of the occurrence conditions of tourism aesthetic contemplation[J]. Tourism Science, 2016, 30(6):66-73.]
[41]	吴海伦, LAMBERT A. 旅游审美过程中的时空观照[J]. 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2017, 39(4):173-178.
	[ WU Hailun, LAMBERT A. Contemplation of time and space in tourism aesthetics[J]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2017, 39(4):173-178.]
[42]	吴明隆. 结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2009:44.
	[ WU Minglong. Structural Equation Modeling:Operation and Application of Amos[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2009:44.]
[43]	吴英文. 文学旅游视域下的审美资源开发与利用[J]. 社会科学家, 2018(11):96-101.
	[ WU Yingwen. Development and utilization of aesthetic resources from the perspective of literary tourism[J]. Social Scientist, 2018(11):96-101.]
[44]	谢灯明, 何彪, 蔡江莹, 等. 森林康养潜在游客的行为意向研究——基于计划行为理论视角[J]. 林业经济, 2019, 41(3):33-39,71.
	[ XIE Dengming, HE Biao, CAI Jiangying, et al. Study on the behavioral intention of potential tourists in health and well-being tourism:Based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Forestry Economics, 2019, 41(3):33-39,71.]
[45]	熊长江, 姚娟, 赵向豪, 等. 扩展计划行为理论框架下游客旅游生态补偿支付意愿研究——以天山天池世界自然遗产地为例[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2020, 39(3):111-117.
	[ XIONG Changjiang, YAO Juan, ZHAO Xianghao, et al. Research on willingness to pay for tourists’ ecological compensation based on extended theory of planned behavior:Take Tianshan Tianchi World natural heritage site as an example[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2020, 39(3):111-117.]
[46]	徐祯. 审美认知、审美体验与大学生综合幸福感的关系研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2007.
	[ XU Zhen. An Relative Study of Aesthetic Cognition and Aesthetic Experience’s Impact on University Student’s Multiple Happiness[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2007.]
[47]	闫岩. 计划行为理论的产生、发展和评述[J]. 国际新闻界, 2014, 36(7):113-129.
	[ YAN Yan. A review on the origins and development of the theory of planned behavior[J]. Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication, 2014, 36(7):113-129.]
[48]	杨振之. 论旅游的本质[J]. 旅游学刊, 2014, 29(3):13-21.
	[ YANG Zhenzhi. On the essence of tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2014, 29(3):13-21.]
[49]	尹寿兵, 江海林. 基于计划行为理论的旅游小企业接班机制研究——以安徽宏村为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(10):57-69.
	[ YIN Shoubing, JIANG Hailin. Study on succession mechanism of small tourism enterprises based on the theory of planned behavior:A case study of Hongcun,Anhui province[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(10):57-69.]
[50]	张朝枝, 邓曾. 基于游客自愿拍摄法(VSEP)的旅游审美研究方法探索[J]. 旅游科学, 2010, 24(4):66-76.
	[ ZHANG Chaozhi, DENG Ceng. Exploration into tourism aesthetic research:Based on visitor self-employed photography[J]. Tourism Science, 2010, 24(4):66-76.]
[51]	张锦, 郑全全. 计划行为理论的发展、完善与应用[J]. 人类工效学, 2012, 18(1):77-81.
	[ ZHANG Jin, ZHENG Quanquan. Development,improvement and application of planned behavior theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2012, 18(1):77-81.]
[52]	张圆刚, 陈希, 余润哲, 等. 自我印象一致对乡村旅游者游憩行为意向的影响研究——理论构建与模型拓展[J]. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(4):70-82.
	[ ZHANG Yuangang, CHEN Xi, YU Runzhe, et al. The influence of tourists’ self-image congruence on rural recreational behavior intention:Theory construction and model extension[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2021, 36(4):70-82.]
[53]	赵刘, 周武忠. 旅游景观的嬗变与视觉范式的转向[J]. 旅游学刊, 2011, 26(8):32-37.
	[ ZHAO Liu, ZHOU Wuzhong. Changes of tourism landscapes and the shift of visual paradigm[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2011, 26(8):32-37.]
[54]	赵敏. 我国当代文化旅游审美观念的变迁[J]. 社会科学家, 2019(11):113-118.
	[ ZHAO Min. Changes of aesthetic concepts in contemporary cultural tourism in China[J]. Social Scientist, 2019(11):113-118.]
[55]	周玲强, 李秋成, 朱琳. 行为效能、人地情感与旅游者环境负责行为意愿:一个基于计划行为理论的改进模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2014, 44(2):88-98.
	[ ZHOU Lingqiang, LI Qiucheng, ZHU Lin. Outcome efficacy,people-destination affect,and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior intention:A revised model based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences), 2014, 44(2):88-98.]
[56]	周媛, 梅强, 侯兵. 基于扎根理论的旅游志愿服务行为影响因素研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(9):74-89.
	[ ZHOU Yuan, MEI Qiang, HOU Bing. Influencing factors of tourism volunteer service behavior based on grounded theory[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(9):74-89.]
[57]	朱颖芳. 基于经济、生态与审美多元需求的农村田园景观设计研究[J]. 农业经济, 2020(7):54-56.
	[ ZHU Yingfang. Research on rural pastoral landscape design based on multiple demands of economy,ecology and aesthetics[J]. Agricultural Economy, 2020(7):54-56.]

潜在变量 Latent variable	观测变量 Observed variable	M1标准化因子载荷 M1 Standardized factor loading	克隆巴赫系数 Cronbach’s α	组合信度 CR	平均方差萃取值 AVE	累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate
主观规范 SN	SN1亲人和朋友支持我在旅游中慢慢品味文化和风景	0.716	0.682	0.683	0.421	11.995%
	SN2政府鼓励游客在景区对风景慢慢品味	0.555
	SN3同行朋友支持我在旅游中欣赏美景,慢慢品味文化和风景	0.665
行为控制认知 PBC	PBC1有足够的可支配收入开展旅游审美活动	0.470	0.641	0.650	0.395	9.888%
	PBC2有手机、相机等设备支持我开展旅游审美活动	0.560
	PBC3有以往旅游审美体验的积累,能轻松获得美感	0.807
审美行为态度 ABA	ABA1旅游审美有利于满足我的旅游需要	0.819	0.708	0.692	0.533	9.974%
审美行为态度 ABA	ABA2我支持在旅游中开展旅游审美活动	0.629	0.708	0.692	0.533	9.974%
审美认知 AC	AC1我能感知自然、人文或社会景观的美	0.633	0.773	0.777	0.412	15.331%
	AC2我能理解景观中的内容和含义	0.660
	AC3看到旅游目的地的景观能使我想起一些具体的人、物或者诗词、画作等事物或沉浸在想象的情境中	0.659
	AC4我能从审美角度把握自然、人文及社会景观的特征	0.698
	AC5在欣赏旅游景观时,我能选择出最佳的拍摄角度	0.551
审美行为意向 ABI	ABI1到了旅游目的地后,我会有主动去感知美丽的自然景观和人文景观的冲动	0.688	0.749	0.723	0.403	13.894%
	ABI2面对优美的风景,我愿意驻足慢慢欣赏	0.737
	ABI3旅游过程中欣赏沿途美丽的风景,我脑海中总会不断联想,我会用手机将其拍下来	0.504
	ABI4 细细欣赏美丽的风景或人物、事物,我内心会由衷感到快乐和幸福	0.584

潜在变量 Latent variable	观测变量 Observed variable	M1标准化因子载荷 M1 Standardized factor loading	克隆巴赫系数 Cronbach’s α	组合信度 CR	平均方差萃取值 AVE	累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate
主观规范 SN	SN1亲人和朋友支持我在旅游中慢慢品味文化和风景	0.716	0.682	0.683	0.421	11.995%
	SN2政府鼓励游客在景区对风景慢慢品味	0.555
	SN3同行朋友支持我在旅游中欣赏美景,慢慢品味文化和风景	0.665
行为控制认知 PBC	PBC1有足够的可支配收入开展旅游审美活动	0.470	0.641	0.650	0.395	9.888%
	PBC2有手机、相机等设备支持我开展旅游审美活动	0.560
	PBC3有以往旅游审美体验的积累,能轻松获得美感	0.807
审美行为态度 ABA	ABA1旅游审美有利于满足我的旅游需要	0.819	0.708	0.692	0.533	9.974%
审美行为态度 ABA	ABA2我支持在旅游中开展旅游审美活动	0.629	0.708	0.692	0.533	9.974%
审美认知 AC	AC1我能感知自然、人文或社会景观的美	0.633	0.773	0.777	0.412	15.331%
	AC2我能理解景观中的内容和含义	0.660
	AC3看到旅游目的地的景观能使我想起一些具体的人、物或者诗词、画作等事物或沉浸在想象的情境中	0.659
	AC4我能从审美角度把握自然、人文及社会景观的特征	0.698
	AC5在欣赏旅游景观时,我能选择出最佳的拍摄角度	0.551
审美行为意向 ABI	ABI1到了旅游目的地后,我会有主动去感知美丽的自然景观和人文景观的冲动	0.688	0.749	0.723	0.403	13.894%
	ABI2面对优美的风景,我愿意驻足慢慢欣赏	0.737
	ABI3旅游过程中欣赏沿途美丽的风景,我脑海中总会不断联想,我会用手机将其拍下来	0.504
	ABI4 细细欣赏美丽的风景或人物、事物,我内心会由衷感到快乐和幸福	0.584

潜在变量 Latent variables	AC	PBC	SN	ABA	ABI
AC	0.642
PBC	0.618	0.629
SN	0.515	0.659	0.649
ABA	0.376	0.597	0.634	0.730
ABI	0.576	0.534	0.569	0.569	0.635

潜在变量 Latent variables	AC	PBC	SN	ABA	ABI
AC	0.642
PBC	0.618	0.629
SN	0.515	0.659	0.649
ABA	0.376	0.597	0.634	0.730
ABI	0.576	0.534	0.569	0.569	0.635

统计检验指标类型 Statistical inspection index type	具体指标 Specific index	评价标准 Evaluation standard	初始模型 M1 Initial model	是否符合标准 Whether it meets the standard	修正模型 M2 Revised model	是否符合标准 Whether it meets the standard
绝对适配度 Absolute adaptation	CMIN/DF	<5 适合,<3 良好	3.376	是	1.637	是
	RMSEA	≤0.05拟合良好,≤0.08拟合合理	0.084	否	0.044	是
	GFI	≥0.9 为优,≥0.8尚可接受	0.883	是	0.945	是
	RMR	≤0.5	0.138	是	0.038	是
增值适配度 Value-added adaptation	NFI	≥0.9为优,≥0.8尚可接受	0.782	否	0.899	是
	IFI	≥0.9为优,≥0.8尚可接受	0.836	是	0.958	是
	TLI	≥0.9为优,≥0.8尚可接受	0.798	否	0.946	是
	CFI	≥0.9为优,≥0.8尚可接受	0.834	是	0.957	是
精简适配度 Streamlined adaptation	PGFI	>0.5	0.646	是	0.661	是
精简适配度 Streamlined adaptation	PNFI	>0.5	0.644	是	0.707	是