近30年国内外节事活动游客参与动机研究述评

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.54

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

节事活动日益成为旅游发展中不可或缺的部分,而游客是节事活动的主要参与者,因此对节事活动参与者的动机研究是节事活动研究中的一个重要领域,影响到节事活动中产品和服务的供给、参与者的决策和满意度等诸多方面。本文首先回顾了国内外学者对节事活动游客参与动机的各方面论述,在剖析已有的国内外研究及其存在的不足后,主要从节事参与动机基础理论、研究方法、动机维度、节事动机与其他影响因素的关系等4方面进行了分析,并有针对性地对未来研究进行了展望。

关键词: 国内外节事活动; 游客; 参与动机

Abstract:

Domestic large-scale activities have developed rapidly. Therefore, festival activities have become one of the fastest growing types of tourism. Visitors are the main participants in the festival. Therefore, understanding the festival attendees’ motivation is extremely important in the festival research, which affects many aspects such as the supply of products and services, the decision-making and the satisfaction of the attendees in the competitive festival market. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign scholars’ discussion on the motivations of tourists’ participation in the festival. Scholars mainly studied the festival motivational framework and the relationship between motivations and other variables. Analyzing the existing researches and the shortcomings of its existence contributes to the future research. This paper mainly discusses the motivations of tourists’ participation from four aspects: the basic theory and the research methods of participate motion, the dimension of festival motivation, the relationship between the motivation of the festival and its influencing factors.

Keywords: domestic and foreign festival; attendees; participation motivation

中图分类号:

许忠伟, 黄彬. 近30年国内外节事活动游客参与动机研究述评[J]. 旅游导刊, 2018, 2(1): 56-71.

Zhongwei XU, Bin HUANG. Three Decades of Festival Attendees’ Motivation Research: A Review[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2018, 2(1): 56-71.

图/表 3

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动机维度	文献
社交	Ralston等（1988）;Uysal 等（1991）;Backman 等（1995）;Schofield 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Crompton 等（1997）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee等（2004）;Li 等（2007）;Thompson 等（2009）
家人团聚		Ralston 等（1988）;Uysal 等（1991;1993）;Mohr（1993）;Backman 等（1995）;Formica 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Lee 等（2004）;Li 等（2009）;Yolal 等（2009）
逃离	Ralston 等（1988）;Uysal 等（1993）;Mohr 等（1993）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee 等（2004）;Li 等（2007）;Yolal 等（2009）
猎奇		Mohr 等（1993）;Uysal 等（1993）;Formica 等（1995）;Crompton 等（1997）;Dewar 等（2001）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee 等（2004）;Yolal 等（2009）
刺激	Uysal 等（1991;1993）;Mohr（1993）;Backman 等（1995）;Formica 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Li 等（2007）;Yolal 等（2009）
文化探索		Formica 等（1995）;Schofield 等（1995）;Crompton 等（1997）;Lee 等（2000）;Dewar 等（2001）;Lee 等（2004）

动机维度	文献
社交	Ralston等（1988）;Uysal 等（1991）;Backman 等（1995）;Schofield 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Crompton 等（1997）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee等（2004）;Li 等（2007）;Thompson 等（2009）
家人团聚		Ralston 等（1988）;Uysal 等（1991;1993）;Mohr（1993）;Backman 等（1995）;Formica 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Lee 等（2004）;Li 等（2009）;Yolal 等（2009）
逃离	Ralston 等（1988）;Uysal 等（1993）;Mohr 等（1993）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee 等（2004）;Li 等（2007）;Yolal 等（2009）
猎奇		Mohr 等（1993）;Uysal 等（1993）;Formica 等（1995）;Crompton 等（1997）;Dewar 等（2001）;Nicholson 等（2001;2004）;Lee 等（2004）;Yolal 等（2009）
刺激	Uysal 等（1991;1993）;Mohr（1993）;Backman 等（1995）;Formica 等（1995）;Schneider 等（1996）;Dewar 等（2001）;Li 等（2007）;Yolal 等（2009）
文化探索		Formica 等（1995）;Schofield 等（1995）;Crompton 等（1997）;Lee 等（2000）;Dewar 等（2001）;Lee 等（2004）

动机维度	人口统计特征对不同动机的影响
社交	年长者（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;于静娜,2013）;低收入（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;已婚和男性（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）
家人团聚		年长者（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;高收入（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;已婚（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005）;女性（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;高学历（Ralston & Crompton,1988）
动机维度			人口统计特征对不同动机的影响
逃离	年轻的（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005;Kim,Borges & Chon,2006）;低收入（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;未婚和高学历（Ralston & Crompton,1988）
猎奇			年轻的（Ralston & Crompton,1988）;低收入（李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;未婚（朱诗荟、姜洪涛,2012）
刺激		年长者和已婚（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995）
文化探索	年长者（Schofield,Thompson & Dickinson,et al.,2007）;高收入（Lee & Lee,2001;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）

动机维度	人口统计特征对不同动机的影响
社交	年长者（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;于静娜,2013）;低收入（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;已婚和男性（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）
家人团聚		年长者（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;高收入（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;已婚（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005）;女性（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;高学历（Ralston & Crompton,1988）
动机维度			人口统计特征对不同动机的影响
逃离	年轻的（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003;Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005;Kim,Borges & Chon,2006）;低收入（Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）;未婚和高学历（Ralston & Crompton,1988）
猎奇			年轻的（Ralston & Crompton,1988）;低收入（李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）;未婚（朱诗荟、姜洪涛,2012）
刺激		年长者和已婚（Backman,Backman & Uysal,et al.,1995）
文化探索	年长者（Schofield,Thompson & Dickinson,et al.,2007）;高收入（Lee & Lee,2001;Kim,Lee & Klenosky,2003）

节事活动类型	动机维度
节日	社交（Mohr,Backman & Gahan et al.,1993;Dewar,Meyer & Li,2001;McDowall,2010）、寻求刺激（Mohr,Backman & Gahan,et al.,1993;Crompton & Mckay,1997;Hamarat & Duran,2014）、猎奇（Dewar,Meyer & Li,2001;Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005;）、文化探索（Mohr,Backman & Gahan,et al.,1993）、放松（李伟、许忠伟、魏翔,2011）、逃离（Uysa,Gahan & Martin,1993;Matheson,Rimmer & Tinsley,2014）
文化活动		文化探索（Crompton & Mckay,1997;Bowen & Daniels,2005;Schofield,Thompson & Dickinson,et al.,2007;Kim,Goh & Yuan,2010）
博览会			文化探索（Lee & Lee,2001;Schofield,Thompson & Dickinson,et al.,2007）、社交（Schofield,Thompson & Dickinson,et al.,2007）、学习（龙涛、张延平,2010）
庆典	社交（Yuan,Cai & Morrison,et al.,2005）