特种兵式旅游：特征、成因与效应

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.279

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2023年春季，在大学生群体中兴起一种时间短、行程紧、景点多、强度高的新兴旅游方式，被称为“特种兵式旅游”。为了探索“特种兵式旅游”的基本特征，本研究采用虚拟民族志、文本分析、主题分析等方法，针对网络社交平台的在线评论展开研究。结果表明：（1）“特种兵式旅游”具有独特的时间、空间、经济、游览特征，明显区别于其他旅游形式；（2）“特种兵式旅游”的成因主要在于同侪影响，即借助互联网在以大学生为主的年轻群体中迅速传播；（3）“特种兵式旅游”存在个体和群体两个层次的效应。本研究廓清了“特种兵式旅游”与打卡旅游、穷游等旅游形式的边界，增强了同侪视角的解释力，也为旅游目的地吸引和服务“特种兵游客”提供了管理启示。

关键词: 特种兵式旅游; 军训式旅游; 同侪影响; 大学生旅游

Abstract:

In the spring of 2023, a novel form of tourism emerged among college students, characterized by its brevity, tight itineraries, numerous destinations, and high intensity. This phenomenon has been dubbed“special forces-style tourism.”To examine the core attributes of this trend, this study analyzed online comments on social media platforms, leveraging a vast array of relevant textual data. First, a virtual ethnography approach was adopted to explore the origin and evolution of “special forces-style tourism,”followed by the application of text analysis methods to synthesize its fundamental features and emotional inclinations of“special forces-style tourists”toward it. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with active users who consistently provided high-quality, recently posted content, contributing significantly to the overall high frequency of posts in the history of the platform. Through thematic analysis, the study examined the nuanced characteristics, underlying causes, and repercussions of“special forces-style tourism.” The research findings indicate that “special forces-style tourism” possesses distinctive temporal, spatial, economic, and sightseeing features, setting it apart from traditional tourism models; its emergence is primarily attributed to peer influence, rapidly spreading among the younger demographic, particularly college students, via the Internet; it has both individual and collective impacts; and its features, causes, and effects can be conceptualized using a three-stage model. The contributions of this study are, first, clarifying the distinctions between “special forces-style tourism” and other forms like check-in tourism and budget travel, enhancing explanatory power from a peer-to-peer perspective; second, providing strategic insights for tourist destinations and attractions to cater to and attract“special forces-style tourists”; and third, offering guidance for young demographics emphasizing cultural immersion, self-identification, and self-image formation through tourism activities.

Keywords: special forces-style tourism; military-style tourism; peer influence; college student tourism

中图分类号:

张三保, 李坷歆. 特种兵式旅游：特征、成因与效应[J]. 旅游导刊, 2024, 8(5): 27-46.

ZHANG Sanbao, LI Kexin. Special Forces-Style Tourism: Characteristics, Antecedents and Effects[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2024, 8(5): 27-46.

图/表 7

参考文献 33

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旅游形式 Forms of tourism	时间限制 Time constraint	经济限制 Economic constraint	主要群体 Main group	相同点 Similarity
特种兵式旅游 Special forces-style tourism	很强	强	大学生等年轻群体	“特种兵式旅游”分别在时间限制和经济限制上，融合了打卡旅游与穷游的特点
打卡旅游 Check-in tourism	强	—	追逐时髦与网络认同群体
穷游 Budget travel	—	很强	奉行自由主义半流浪者
慢旅游 Slow tourism	很弱	—	中产阶级、自由职业者等	—

旅游形式 Forms of tourism	时间限制 Time constraint	经济限制 Economic constraint	主要群体 Main group	相同点 Similarity
特种兵式旅游 Special forces-style tourism	很强	强	大学生等年轻群体	“特种兵式旅游”分别在时间限制和经济限制上，融合了打卡旅游与穷游的特点
打卡旅游 Check-in tourism	强	—	追逐时髦与网络认同群体
穷游 Budget travel	—	很强	奉行自由主义半流浪者
慢旅游 Slow tourism	很弱	—	中产阶级、自由职业者等	—

情感类别 Sentiment category	分析文本数量（条） Number of texts analyzed	情感类别占比（%） Proportion of sentiment category
积极情绪 Positive sentiment	53 752	52.84
中性情绪 Neutral sentiment	28 484	28.00
消极情绪 Negative sentiment	19 497	19.16
其中，积极情绪分段统计结果为：
一般（0~10）	24 546	24.13
中度（10~20）	13 083	12.86
高度（20以上）	16 123	15.85
其中，消极情绪分段统计结果为：
一般（-10~0）	13 523	13.29
中度（-20~-10）	5 219	5.13
高度（-20以下）	755	0.74

情感类别 Sentiment category	分析文本数量（条） Number of texts analyzed	情感类别占比（%） Proportion of sentiment category
积极情绪 Positive sentiment	53 752	52.84
中性情绪 Neutral sentiment	28 484	28.00
消极情绪 Negative sentiment	19 497	19.16
其中，积极情绪分段统计结果为：
一般（0~10）	24 546	24.13
中度（10~20）	13 083	12.86
高度（20以上）	16 123	15.85
其中，消极情绪分段统计结果为：
一般（-10~0）	13 523	13.29
中度（-20~-10）	5 219	5.13
高度（-20以下）	755	0.74

树状节点 Tree node	子节点 Child node	材料来源数 Number of material source	参考点数 Number of reference point	参考点举例 Example of reference point
时间维度 Temporal dimension	总体时间短	7	7	我觉得“特种兵式旅游”典型的是周末这种2~3天的短途旅游
	停留时间短	10	11	我是从广州出发，然后去武汉玩了两天，去长沙玩了一天
	夜间出行时间长	6	6	周五晚上和周日晚上都在坐火车
	作息不规律	6	8	零点从郑州出发飞深圳，半夜在深圳吃了烧烤
主观感受 Subjectiveperception	自由感	2	2	我觉得就是大家在平淡又枯燥的生活中，有一点期待；旅行前后都很开心，哪怕是军训式；感受过了、玩过了，就很开心；相对于封闭的大学、按部就班的高中生活，这给大家带来了久违的自由感
	掌控感	2	4	有对自己生活和能去哪里的掌控感，我可以决定我要去哪里，用我的方式去哪里的那种掌控感
	成就感	4	4	可能在很多年以后回想起来，我会感叹自己居然还有过这样一次疯狂的旅行
	体验感	8	11	首先是获得了一种游玩的体验
	遗憾	1	2	没有完整地规划好路线，当时觉得可以了，但是之后在社交平台上看到别人发某个东西很吸引我，而我没有去玩过，觉得好遗憾
	疲劳	8	9	主要就是很累，像拉练一样；我这两天可能走了三万多步，还徒步看了武汉长江大桥