基于声景偏好的运河文化带声景质量优化研究——以里运河文化长廊为例

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

声景观对遗产地、生态环境、公共游憩空间均有重要作用，运河文化带是涉及文化遗产、生态保护、游憩利用的多重复合空间，因此研究运河文化带的声景观实属必要。本文以里运河文化长廊为案例进行问卷调查，探索人们对于运河声景观的偏好模式，并结合P-F模型分析，提出声景质量改善建议。研究结果显示：人们对于运河声景观的偏好呈现出特殊模式，最喜爱运河特征声，其次是运河生活声，最厌恶扰民声;对体现运河文化、具体河段地方特色的特征性声音的偏好程度高于对非特征性声音的偏好；对反映历史怀旧声音的偏好程度高于对反映当下生活声音的偏好；特殊偏好模式的形成源于人们对情感需求的满足和对运河记忆的建构；年龄、是否当地居民、游览频率也会对运河声景观的偏好产生不同程度的显著影响。因此，相关管理者应深挖和再现运河特征声，改善运河生活声，并对具体声音元素进行正向或负向设计。

关键词: 运河文化带; 声景偏好; 声景质量; 声景质量测评模型

Abstract:

Soundscape plays an important role in heritage sites, ecological environments, and public recreational spaces. As the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (GCCB) is a multi-complex space involving cultural heritage, ecological protection, and recreational utilization, it is necessary to conduct studies on its soundscape. This study selects Li Canal Cultural Corridor and conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the pattern of people’s preferences for the soundscape of GCCB and proposes suggestions for improving the soundscape quality based on the P-F model analysis. The analysis results of 225 valid samples indicate that people’s preference for canal soundscape presents a special pattern: The unique canal sound is most preferred, followed by the sound of hustle and bustle, while the most negative sound is the disturbing noises. The preference for sounds unique to the canal culture and local features of specific canal sections is greater than that for mundane sounds, and the preference for sounds that arouse historical nostalgia is greater than that for sounds reflecting the mundane life. The qualitative analysis results indicate that the formation of this model stems from people’s need for emotional satisfaction and the construction of their canal memory. Additionally, age, local or non-local resident status, and frequency of visit all exert significant effects of varying degrees on the preference for the canal soundscape. According to the results of the canal soundscape preference model and P-F analysis, managers are recommended to further explore and reproduce the unique sounds of the canal, improve the sound of canal life, and design specific sound elements both forwardly and inversely.

Keywords: the Grand Canal Cultural Belt; soundscape preference; soundscape quality; soundscape quality measurement model

中图分类号:

张一, 崔建周. 基于声景偏好的运河文化带声景质量优化研究——以里运河文化长廊为例[J]. 旅游导刊, 2024, 8(1): 82-103.

ZHANG Yi, CUI Jianzhou. Research on Soundscape Quality Optimization of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt Based on Soundscape Preference: A Case Study of Li Canal Cultural Corridor[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2024, 8(1): 82-103.

图/表 5

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变量 Variable	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	共同度 Communality
水鸟鸣叫	0.85			0.81
运河水流	0.84			0.82
风吹树叶	0.84			0.83
游船行驶	0.81			0.76
寺庙钟鼓	0.80			0.77
林间鸟鸣	0.79			0.76
冬日破冰	0.73			0.68
建筑施工		0.90		0.81
马路汽车		0.84		0.78
小贩吆喝		0.74		0.70
广场舞乐		0.72		0.67
乐器演奏			0.78	0.83
闲聊娱乐			0.77	0.76
合唱歌声			0.71	0.78
游览火车			0.57	0.70
儿童玩耍			0.47	0.65
旋转后的特征值	5.70	3.36	3.04
解释方差百分比%	35.65	21.02	18.98

变量 Variable	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	共同度 Communality
水鸟鸣叫	0.85			0.81
运河水流	0.84			0.82
风吹树叶	0.84			0.83
游船行驶	0.81			0.76
寺庙钟鼓	0.80			0.77
林间鸟鸣	0.79			0.76
冬日破冰	0.73			0.68
建筑施工		0.90		0.81
马路汽车		0.84		0.78
小贩吆喝		0.74		0.70
广场舞乐		0.72		0.67
乐器演奏			0.78	0.83
闲聊娱乐			0.77	0.76
合唱歌声			0.71	0.78
游览火车			0.57	0.70
儿童玩耍			0.47	0.65
旋转后的特征值	5.70	3.36	3.04
解释方差百分比%	35.65	21.02	18.98

声音元素 Soundscape elements		偏好均值 Mean of preference	频率均值 Mean of frequency	P-F区域 P-F area	方向 Direction	声音元素 Soundscape elements		偏好均值 Mean of preference	频率 Mean of frequency	P-F区域 P-F area	方向 Direction
1	闲聊娱乐	0.25	3.18	Surplus	+	9	林间鸟鸣	0.73	3.20	Excellent	+
2	水鸟鸣叫	0.82	3.09	Excellent	+	10	风吹树叶	0.78	3.21	Excellent	+
3	乐器演奏	0.47	2.96	Excellent	+	11	冬日破冰	0.41	2.63	To-be-improved	+
4	合唱歌声	0.42	2.79	To-be-improved	+	12	运河水流	0.76	3.23	Excellent	+
5	游览火车	0.26	2.77	Low-priority	+	13	游船行驶	0.51	2.92	To-be-improved	+
6	广场舞乐	-0.07	2.76	Surplus	-	14	小贩吆喝	-0.10	2.88	Surplus	-
7	马路汽车	-0.42	2.97	To-be-improved	-	15	儿童玩耍	0.29	3.35	Surplus	+
8	建筑施工	-0.61	2.53	Excellent	-	16	寺庙钟鼓	0.68	2.90	To-be-improved	+

声音元素 Soundscape elements		偏好均值 Mean of preference	频率均值 Mean of frequency	P-F区域 P-F area	方向 Direction	声音元素 Soundscape elements		偏好均值 Mean of preference	频率 Mean of frequency	P-F区域 P-F area	方向 Direction
1	闲聊娱乐	0.25	3.18	Surplus	+	9	林间鸟鸣	0.73	3.20	Excellent	+
2	水鸟鸣叫	0.82	3.09	Excellent	+	10	风吹树叶	0.78	3.21	Excellent	+
3	乐器演奏	0.47	2.96	Excellent	+	11	冬日破冰	0.41	2.63	To-be-improved	+
4	合唱歌声	0.42	2.79	To-be-improved	+	12	运河水流	0.76	3.23	Excellent	+
5	游览火车	0.26	2.77	Low-priority	+	13	游船行驶	0.51	2.92	To-be-improved	+
6	广场舞乐	-0.07	2.76	Surplus	-	14	小贩吆喝	-0.10	2.88	Surplus	-
7	马路汽车	-0.42	2.97	To-be-improved	-	15	儿童玩耍	0.29	3.35	Surplus	+
8	建筑施工	-0.61	2.53	Excellent	-	16	寺庙钟鼓	0.68	2.90	To-be-improved	+