中国生态旅游发展的本土化与国际化

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

源于西方的国家公园体制正成为中国生态文明建设的重要选择与自然资源管理的关键突破。生态旅游在国家公园建设中扮演着重要角色,近30年的本土化探索启示意义重大。生态旅游概念自20世纪90年代初进入中国,理论与实践共同推动使其具有明显的可持续发展倾向;而西方生态旅游理论反复试错后亦开始呈现大众化可持续旅游转向,中西方在“生态旅游何处去”问题上殊途同归。本文梳理出中国生态旅游发展的4个阶段：1993—1999年的概念引介阶段、2000—2005年的水土不服阶段、2006—2012年的模式创新阶段和2013年至今的知识溢出阶段。为社会科学本土化热议提供了典型案例,有助于中西方生态旅游学者进行对话,有利于夯实中国生态旅游研究的国际地位,对中国国家公园建设路径探索具有启示意义。

关键词: 中国, 生态旅游, 本土化, 国际化, 国家公园

Abstract:

The national park system from western countries is becoming an important choice for China’s ecological civilization construction and a key breakthrough in natural resource management. Ecotourism plays an important role in the construction of national parks, and in the past 30 years, the localization of ecotourism has become significant. The concept of ecotourism first spread from western countries to China in the early 1990s, and its practice was obviously equipped with sustainable tourism tendencies. Currently, western ecotourism theory has begun to show a trend of popular sustainable tourism through trial and error. Therefore, China and the west share the same goal on the question of “where to go for ecotourism.” The development of ecotourism in China can be divided into four stages: the concept introduction stage in 1993-1999; the concept adaptation stage in 2000-2005; the model innovation stage in 2006-2012; and the knowledge spillover stage from 2013 to the present. By sorting through the process of localization and internationalization of China’s ecotourism development, we can generate a few reflections: (1) the discussion of localization should not be limited to the research field, and localization research stems from local practices; (2) the localization process of Chinese ecotourism is the result of the joint promotion of its theory and practice; (3) China’s “shengtai lvyou” and Western “ecotourism” share the same end result of “sustainable tourism”; (4) China's ecotourism development helps to clarify the developmental path for China’s national park system. The rigid application of the western model will only lead to the death of China’s protected area. In response to the demands of the Chinese market, Chinese ecotourism scholars can further explore the development of China's national park tourism through the study of our own culture, psychology, behavior and local practice. Gradually China may establish a theoretical system and practical model that can conduct a dialogue with western ecotourism theory, and can jointly promote the international development of sustainable tourism.

Key words: China, ecotourism, localization, internationalization, national park

中图分类号:

李燕琴. 中国生态旅游发展的本土化与国际化[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(5): 1-18.

LI Yanqin. Localization and Internationalization of China’s Ecotourism Development[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2020, 4(5): 1-18.

图/表 4

图1 中国生态旅游发展的本土化与国际化进程

Fig. 1 Localization and internationalization process of China’s ecotourism development

图2 中西方生态旅游概念的产生机制与发展路径对比

Fig. 2 Comparison of the production mechanism and development path of ecotourism concept between China and the West

表1 1993—1999年生态旅游文献被引次数top 5（截至2020年6月）

Tab. 1 The number of citations of ecotourism literature from 1993 to 1999 top 5（up to June 2020）

序号	篇名	作者	来源	发表年份	被引次数
1	生态旅游与可持续旅游发展	卢云亭	经济地理	1996	739
2	中国生态旅游——可持续旅游的基石	郭来喜	地理科学进展	1997	502
3	生态旅游的理论与实践	张广瑞	旅游学刊	1999	438
4	生态旅游的发展与规划	吕永龙	自然资源学报	1998	405
5	可持续旅游、生态旅游及实施方案	牛亚菲	地理研究	1999	388

图3 中国生态旅游发展的空间错位与时间错位

Fig. 3 Spatial and time misplacement of China's ecotourism development

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