旅游地文化韧性：理论探索与研究展望

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.266

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文化韧性为旅游地及其文化高质量发展提供了全新思路，学术界也关注到旅游地文化韧性的重要性并展开相关分析，但研究脉络尚不清晰。本研究利用系统文献回顾和元分析方法，全面剖析旅游地文化韧性相关文献，从概念内涵、理论基础、方法运用、研究重点等方面明晰现有研究进展，提出未来研究探索方向。研究结果表明：（1）旅游地文化韧性概念界定尚不清晰，仍需强化其基础理论分析；（2）已有研究较多使用定性方法，对混合研究方法等运用不足；（3）评价指标体系的适用性有限，需要开发独立且普适的测度工具；（4）对影响因素挖掘的针对性较弱，仍需深入剖析其前因及演化过程；（5）提升对策的系统性较弱，需要进一步探索其多重路径。本研究有助于弥补旅游地文化韧性文献审查方面的不足，促进其理论理解并为未来拓展理论体系奠定基础，也为提升旅游地文化韧性指明研究方向。

关键词: 文化韧性; 旅游地; 研究框架; 研究展望

Abstract:

Cultural resilience provides a new concept for the high-quality development of tourism destinations and their cultures, and a strong connection exists between them. Academics have also focused on the importance of the cultural resilience of tourism destinations. However, its research lineage remains unclear. This study uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to comprehensively analyze the literature related to the cultural resilience of tourism destinations. It aims to clarify the existing research progress in terms of conceptual connotation, theoretical foundation, methodological application, and research focus, thereby providing future research directions. The results show that, first, the concept of the cultural resilience of tourism destinations is unclear, and its basic theoretical analysis needs to be strengthened; second, its research methods are mainly qualitative and need to be further explored based on mixed research methods; third, the applicability of the evaluation index system is limited, and an independent measurement system can be developed; fourth, the influencing factors of the cultural resilience of tourism destinations are weakly examined, and its antecedents and evolutionary process should be thoroughly analyzed; and fifth, the systemic nature of countermeasures to enhance the cultural resilience of tourism destinations is weak, and multiple paths need to be further explored. This study can fill the gap in the literature vis-à-vis the cultural resilience of tourism destinations and promote its theoretical understanding. Moreover, it lays the foundation for expanding and enriching the theoretical system of the cultural resilience of tourism destinations. It also helps highlight the research direction for enhancing cultural resilience.

Keywords: cultural resilience; tourism destinations; research framework; research prospect

中图分类号:

李勇泉, 李蕊, 阮文奇, 张舒宁. 旅游地文化韧性：理论探索与研究展望[J]. 旅游导刊, 2024, 8(5): 110-130.

LI Yongquan, LI Rui, RUAN Wenqi, ZHANG Shuning. Cultural Resilience of Tourism Destinations: Theoretical Exploration and Research Prospects[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2024, 8(5): 110-130.

图/表 4

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年份 Year	作者 Author	定义 Definition	备注 Note
2017	Clarke & Mayer	社区调动文化资源应对外部危机和威胁的能力，这反过来又会激发与恢复进程相关的个人和社区行动	能力视角
2018	Holtorf	旅游地文化系统（由旅游地社区文化相关要素组成）吸收逆境、应对变化和继续发展的能力	混合视角
2022	朱媛媛等	旅游地“乡土—生态”系统文化及其载体在发展与传承过程中受到不同因素干扰和冲击时，通过调整系统内部生产、生活、生态文化结构来适应这些扰动变化的重组或更新发展能力	能力视角

年份 Year	作者 Author	定义 Definition	备注 Note
2017	Clarke & Mayer	社区调动文化资源应对外部危机和威胁的能力，这反过来又会激发与恢复进程相关的个人和社区行动	能力视角
2018	Holtorf	旅游地文化系统（由旅游地社区文化相关要素组成）吸收逆境、应对变化和继续发展的能力	混合视角
2022	朱媛媛等	旅游地“乡土—生态”系统文化及其载体在发展与传承过程中受到不同因素干扰和冲击时，通过调整系统内部生产、生活、生态文化结构来适应这些扰动变化的重组或更新发展能力	能力视角

年份 Year	作者 Author	文化韧性相关测量指标 Measurement indicators of cultural resilience	备注 Note
2021	Hu等	人口密度、农民工比重、第三产业就业比重、旅游密度、非物质文化遗产传承人等级、乡村保护价值、犯罪事件数目	社会文化韧性被纳入文化遗产地韧性框架
2021	刘彦平等	文化产业、友善气质、城市文化口碑、创新创业活力	文化韧性被纳入城市韧性框架
2021	邱明丽等	冗余度、多元度、多尺度	文化韧性被纳入乡村韧性框架
2021	朱媛媛等	红色旅游资源规模、红色旅游资源丰度、红色旅游资源影响力、爱国主义教育基地数量	文化韧性被纳入红色旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性框架
2022	何艳冰等	历史风貌保存度、传统技艺活态性、民俗节庆丰富度	文化韧性被纳入旅游类传统村落韧性框架
2022	贾垚焱等	吸收力、适应力、转型能力	旅游地乡村聚落韧性包括文化要素韧性
2022	Zhang等	领导力、集体效能、准备程度、地方依恋、社会信任	社区韧性包括文化要素韧性
2022	朱媛媛等	公共文化机构数量、文化商业街与A级景区数量、文化艺术区与文化产业园数量、红色旅游资源规模、红色旅游资源影响力、国家级传统村落数量、宗族祠堂与民俗博物馆数量、传统礼仪节庆等民俗	文化韧性被纳入革命老区旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性框架

年份 Year	作者 Author	文化韧性相关测量指标 Measurement indicators of cultural resilience	备注 Note
2021	Hu等	人口密度、农民工比重、第三产业就业比重、旅游密度、非物质文化遗产传承人等级、乡村保护价值、犯罪事件数目	社会文化韧性被纳入文化遗产地韧性框架
2021	刘彦平等	文化产业、友善气质、城市文化口碑、创新创业活力	文化韧性被纳入城市韧性框架
2021	邱明丽等	冗余度、多元度、多尺度	文化韧性被纳入乡村韧性框架
2021	朱媛媛等	红色旅游资源规模、红色旅游资源丰度、红色旅游资源影响力、爱国主义教育基地数量	文化韧性被纳入红色旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性框架
2022	何艳冰等	历史风貌保存度、传统技艺活态性、民俗节庆丰富度	文化韧性被纳入旅游类传统村落韧性框架
2022	贾垚焱等	吸收力、适应力、转型能力	旅游地乡村聚落韧性包括文化要素韧性
2022	Zhang等	领导力、集体效能、准备程度、地方依恋、社会信任	社区韧性包括文化要素韧性
2022	朱媛媛等	公共文化机构数量、文化商业街与A级景区数量、文化艺术区与文化产业园数量、红色旅游资源规模、红色旅游资源影响力、国家级传统村落数量、宗族祠堂与民俗博物馆数量、传统礼仪节庆等民俗	文化韧性被纳入革命老区旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性框架