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旅游导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (1): 73-96.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.261
收稿日期:
2023-10-23
修回日期:
2024-12-19
出版日期:
2025-02-28
发布日期:
2025-03-07
通讯作者:
王凯(1969—),男,湖南新宁人,湖南师范大学旅游学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为区域旅游经济、低碳旅游,E-mail:kingviry@163.com。作者简介:
关锐(1999—),男,山西临汾人,安康学院经济与管理学院助教,研究方向为区域旅游规划、低碳旅游;基金资助:
GUAN Rui1, HU Mingdi2, YANG Qiuping3, WANG Kai3()
Received:
2023-10-23
Revised:
2024-12-19
Online:
2025-02-28
Published:
2025-03-07
摘要:
高质量发展是促进共同富裕的重要前提和基础,本文首先利用改进后的熵值法分别测算我国省域的旅游业高质量发展与共同富裕水平,接着采用门槛回归模型探讨旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕的门槛效应。结果表明:(1)以城镇化水平为门槛变量时,在全国范围内,旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕存在双重门槛效应且影响始终为正,东部地区旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕的影响始终为负且随着城镇化水平提高呈现N形变动趋势,中西部地区则未通过门槛效应检验。(2)以旅游业发展水平作为门槛变量时,全国以及东部地区的旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕存在单门槛效应,而中西部地区的旅游业高质量发展并未通过门槛效应检验。(3)以经济发展水平为门槛变量时,我国整体的旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕的影响呈现出U形变动态势,东部地区的旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕的影响为负且随经济发展而减弱,中部地区的旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕起到促进作用,而西部地区则呈现出显著的负向影响。
中图分类号:
关锐, 胡鸣镝, 杨秋平, 王凯. 我国旅游业高质量发展对共同富裕的门槛效应研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2025, 9(1): 73-96.
GUAN Rui, HU Mingdi, YANG Qiuping, WANG Kai. Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s High-quality Tourism Development on Common Prosperity[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2025, 9(1): 73-96.
目标层 Goal layer | 一级指标及权重 Primary index and weight | 二级指标 Secondary index | 三级指标 Tertiary index | 具体指标(方向) Specific index (direction) | 权重 Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
旅游业高质量发展High-quality develop-ment of tourism | 供需升级 (0.519)Upgrading of supply and demand | 高质量旅游供给 | 高级别资源 | 高级别(3A级及以上)景区(+) | 0.041 | |
文化旅游 资源 | 公共图书馆机构数(+) | 0.030 | ||||
图书出版种类数(+) | 0.039 | |||||
旅游资源丰度(+) | 0.026 | |||||
服务业重 视度 | 旅游总收入/GDP(+) | 0.030 | ||||
交通便捷度 | 公路、铁路客运总量(+) | 0.057 | ||||
公共服务 完善度 | 每千人拥有的卫生床位数(+) | 0.035 | ||||
公共厕所普及率(+) | 0.011 | |||||
互联网覆盖率(+) | 0.016 | |||||
高水平旅游需求 | 高级化水平 | 入境旅游人次/景区接待游客总量(+) | 0.074 | |||
入境旅游收入/旅游总收入(+) | 0.059 | |||||
合理化水平 | 旅游产业结构合理化指数(-) | 0.005 | ||||
消费结构 水平 | 人均旅游消费(+) | 0.036 | ||||
景区收入/地区旅游收入(+) | 0.060 | |||||
旅游业高质量发展High-quality develop-ment of tourism | 经济协调 (0.124)Economic coordination | 合理配置资源 | 劳动生产率 | 旅游劳动生产率(+) | 0.035 | |
资本生产率 | 旅游资本生产率(+) | 0.053 | ||||
稳定经济增长 | 旅游经济 增长 | 旅游总收入增长率(+) | 0.003 | |||
第三产业增加值/GDP(+) | 0.021 | |||||
旅游就业 增长 | 旅游产业就业人员/总就业 人员(+) | 0.012 | ||||
创新发展 (0.154)Innovative development | 旅游创新投入 | 创新主体 投入 | 中高等旅游院校数(+) | 0.039 | ||
中高等旅游院校学生数(+) | 0.053 | |||||
科研经费 投入 | 科研经费支出/GDP(+) | 0.062 | ||||
绿色治理 (0.057) Green governance | 生态环境现状 | 森林覆盖 | 森林覆盖率(+) | 0.032 | ||
建成区绿化 | 绿化覆盖率(+) | 0.007 | ||||
污染治理能力 | 旅游业废 水排放 | (旅游总收入/GDP)×废水排放总量(-) | 0.006 | |||
旅游业废 气排放 | (旅游总收入/GDP)×废气排放总量(-) | 0.003 | ||||
污水处理 | 城市污水处理率(+) | 0.003 | ||||
垃圾无害 处理 | 城市垃圾无害处理率(+) | 0.006 | ||||
民生共享 (0.146) Open development of livelihood | 旅游收入 | 旅游收入 弹性 | 高弹性收入/旅游总收入(+) | 0.014 | ||
旅游外汇收入增长率(+) | 0.005 | |||||
入境旅游收入/总收入(+) | 0.038 | |||||
旅游就业 | 旅游业就 业人数 | 旅行社、星级酒店等直接就业人数(+) | 0.054 | |||
旅游教育 | 旅游高校 占比 | 中高等旅游院校/学校总数(+) | 0.023 | |||
受教育年限 | 人均受教育年限(+) | 0.012 |
表1 旅游业高质量发展指标体系
Tab. 1 Index system of high-quality development of tourism
目标层 Goal layer | 一级指标及权重 Primary index and weight | 二级指标 Secondary index | 三级指标 Tertiary index | 具体指标(方向) Specific index (direction) | 权重 Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
旅游业高质量发展High-quality develop-ment of tourism | 供需升级 (0.519)Upgrading of supply and demand | 高质量旅游供给 | 高级别资源 | 高级别(3A级及以上)景区(+) | 0.041 | |
文化旅游 资源 | 公共图书馆机构数(+) | 0.030 | ||||
图书出版种类数(+) | 0.039 | |||||
旅游资源丰度(+) | 0.026 | |||||
服务业重 视度 | 旅游总收入/GDP(+) | 0.030 | ||||
交通便捷度 | 公路、铁路客运总量(+) | 0.057 | ||||
公共服务 完善度 | 每千人拥有的卫生床位数(+) | 0.035 | ||||
公共厕所普及率(+) | 0.011 | |||||
互联网覆盖率(+) | 0.016 | |||||
高水平旅游需求 | 高级化水平 | 入境旅游人次/景区接待游客总量(+) | 0.074 | |||
入境旅游收入/旅游总收入(+) | 0.059 | |||||
合理化水平 | 旅游产业结构合理化指数(-) | 0.005 | ||||
消费结构 水平 | 人均旅游消费(+) | 0.036 | ||||
景区收入/地区旅游收入(+) | 0.060 | |||||
旅游业高质量发展High-quality develop-ment of tourism | 经济协调 (0.124)Economic coordination | 合理配置资源 | 劳动生产率 | 旅游劳动生产率(+) | 0.035 | |
资本生产率 | 旅游资本生产率(+) | 0.053 | ||||
稳定经济增长 | 旅游经济 增长 | 旅游总收入增长率(+) | 0.003 | |||
第三产业增加值/GDP(+) | 0.021 | |||||
旅游就业 增长 | 旅游产业就业人员/总就业 人员(+) | 0.012 | ||||
创新发展 (0.154)Innovative development | 旅游创新投入 | 创新主体 投入 | 中高等旅游院校数(+) | 0.039 | ||
中高等旅游院校学生数(+) | 0.053 | |||||
科研经费 投入 | 科研经费支出/GDP(+) | 0.062 | ||||
绿色治理 (0.057) Green governance | 生态环境现状 | 森林覆盖 | 森林覆盖率(+) | 0.032 | ||
建成区绿化 | 绿化覆盖率(+) | 0.007 | ||||
污染治理能力 | 旅游业废 水排放 | (旅游总收入/GDP)×废水排放总量(-) | 0.006 | |||
旅游业废 气排放 | (旅游总收入/GDP)×废气排放总量(-) | 0.003 | ||||
污水处理 | 城市污水处理率(+) | 0.003 | ||||
垃圾无害 处理 | 城市垃圾无害处理率(+) | 0.006 | ||||
民生共享 (0.146) Open development of livelihood | 旅游收入 | 旅游收入 弹性 | 高弹性收入/旅游总收入(+) | 0.014 | ||
旅游外汇收入增长率(+) | 0.005 | |||||
入境旅游收入/总收入(+) | 0.038 | |||||
旅游就业 | 旅游业就 业人数 | 旅行社、星级酒店等直接就业人数(+) | 0.054 | |||
旅游教育 | 旅游高校 占比 | 中高等旅游院校/学校总数(+) | 0.023 | |||
受教育年限 | 人均受教育年限(+) | 0.012 |
目标层 Goal layer | 系统层(权重) System layer (weight) | 准则层 Criterion layer | 具体指标(方向) Specific index (Direction) | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|
共同富裕 Common prosperity | 发展性 (0.172)Developmental quality | 区域富裕度 | 人均可支配收入(+) | 0.041 |
人均消费支出(+) | 0.039 | |||
恩格尔系数(-) | 0.015 | |||
发展共同度 | 基尼系数(-) | 0.034 | ||
城乡收入倍差(-) | 0.017 | |||
城镇化率(+) | 0.026 | |||
共享性 (0.450)Sharing characteristic | 精神文明度 | 公共图书馆藏书(+) | 0.062 | |
文化娱乐消费支出(+) | 0.038 | |||
医疗保障度 | 医疗床位数(+) | 0.048 | ||
每千人拥有的执业医师数(+) | 0.041 | |||
公共设施完善度 | 总通车里程数(+) | 0.040 | ||
公共厕所普及率(+) | 0.015 | |||
城市污水处理率(+) | 0.041 | |||
数字应用普及度 | 互联网普及率(+) | 0.022 | ||
移动电话数(+) | 0.025 | |||
社会保障度 | 社会保障支出/GDP(+) | 0.117 | ||
可持续性 (0.378)Sustainability | 创新发展度 | 科研经费支出/GDP(+) | 0.041 | |
专利申请授权数(+) | 0.171 | |||
生态文明度 | 森林覆盖率(+) | 0.044 | ||
污染治理投资/GDP(+) | 0.030 | |||
发展质量完成度 | 城镇单位就业人数(+) | 0.054 | ||
人均GDP(+) | 0.039 |
表2 共同富裕指标体系
Tab. 2 Index system of Common Prosperity
目标层 Goal layer | 系统层(权重) System layer (weight) | 准则层 Criterion layer | 具体指标(方向) Specific index (Direction) | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|
共同富裕 Common prosperity | 发展性 (0.172)Developmental quality | 区域富裕度 | 人均可支配收入(+) | 0.041 |
人均消费支出(+) | 0.039 | |||
恩格尔系数(-) | 0.015 | |||
发展共同度 | 基尼系数(-) | 0.034 | ||
城乡收入倍差(-) | 0.017 | |||
城镇化率(+) | 0.026 | |||
共享性 (0.450)Sharing characteristic | 精神文明度 | 公共图书馆藏书(+) | 0.062 | |
文化娱乐消费支出(+) | 0.038 | |||
医疗保障度 | 医疗床位数(+) | 0.048 | ||
每千人拥有的执业医师数(+) | 0.041 | |||
公共设施完善度 | 总通车里程数(+) | 0.040 | ||
公共厕所普及率(+) | 0.015 | |||
城市污水处理率(+) | 0.041 | |||
数字应用普及度 | 互联网普及率(+) | 0.022 | ||
移动电话数(+) | 0.025 | |||
社会保障度 | 社会保障支出/GDP(+) | 0.117 | ||
可持续性 (0.378)Sustainability | 创新发展度 | 科研经费支出/GDP(+) | 0.041 | |
专利申请授权数(+) | 0.171 | |||
生态文明度 | 森林覆盖率(+) | 0.044 | ||
污染治理投资/GDP(+) | 0.030 | |||
发展质量完成度 | 城镇单位就业人数(+) | 0.054 | ||
人均GDP(+) | 0.039 |
变量 Variable | OLS检验 OLS test | LLC检验 LLC test | IPS检验 IPS test | VIF检验 VIF test |
---|---|---|---|---|
HQT | 0.579*** | -8.562*** | -6.330*** | 1.67*** |
CMP | - | -6.544*** | -6.772*** | - |
Gov | 0.317* | -13.534*** | -1.552** | 2.35 |
Is | 0.075** | -12.915*** | -4.525*** | 2.65** |
Open | -0.009* | -5.062*** | -2.131** | 3.11 |
Urb | -0.061*** | -14.044*** | -7.965*** | 1.18*** |
Tr | 0.008 | -15.342*** | -8.218*** | 1.03 |
Egdp | 9.625*** | -3.479** | -5.258*** | 4.77*** |
表3 变量平稳性检验
Tab. 3 Variable stationarity test
变量 Variable | OLS检验 OLS test | LLC检验 LLC test | IPS检验 IPS test | VIF检验 VIF test |
---|---|---|---|---|
HQT | 0.579*** | -8.562*** | -6.330*** | 1.67*** |
CMP | - | -6.544*** | -6.772*** | - |
Gov | 0.317* | -13.534*** | -1.552** | 2.35 |
Is | 0.075** | -12.915*** | -4.525*** | 2.65** |
Open | -0.009* | -5.062*** | -2.131** | 3.11 |
Urb | -0.061*** | -14.044*** | -7.965*** | 1.18*** |
Tr | 0.008 | -15.342*** | -8.218*** | 1.03 |
Egdp | 9.625*** | -3.479** | -5.258*** | 4.77*** |
Z值 Z value | 1%标准值 1% standard value | 5%标准值 5% standard value | 10%标准值 10% standard value |
---|---|---|---|
-14.269*** | -3.456 | -2.878 | -2.570 |
表4 协整性检验结果
Tab. 4 Test results for cointegration
Z值 Z value | 1%标准值 1% standard value | 5%标准值 5% standard value | 10%标准值 10% standard value |
---|---|---|---|
-14.269*** | -3.456 | -2.878 | -2.570 |
检验变量 Test variable | 原假设 Null hypothesis | x2 x2 | p值 p value | 结果 Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | 共同富裕不是旅游业高质量发展的格兰杰原因 | 0.147 | 0.071 | 拒绝 |
共同富裕 Common prosperity | 旅游业高质量发展不是共同富裕的格兰杰原因 | 1.387 | 0.024 | 拒绝 |
表5 格兰杰因果检验结果
Tab. 5 Granger causality test results
检验变量 Test variable | 原假设 Null hypothesis | x2 x2 | p值 p value | 结果 Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | 共同富裕不是旅游业高质量发展的格兰杰原因 | 0.147 | 0.071 | 拒绝 |
共同富裕 Common prosperity | 旅游业高质量发展不是共同富裕的格兰杰原因 | 1.387 | 0.024 | 拒绝 |
门限变量 Threshold variable | 地区 Region | 门槛数 Numbers of threshold | F值 F value | p值 p value | 门槛值 Threshold value | 95%置信区间 95% confidence interval |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
城镇化 水平(Urb) Urbanizationlevel | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 31.71*** | 0.000 | 0.541 | [0.541,0.549] |
thres2 | 19.43*** | 0.003 | 0.873 | [0.868,0.874] | ||
thres3 | 6.97 | 0.767 | 0.621 | [0.620,0.622] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 15.24*** | 0.010 | 0.541 | [0.537,0.540] | |
thres2 | 10.08** | 0.050 | 0.737 | [0.765,0.854] | ||
thres3 | 3.82 | 0.780 | 0.645 | [0.477,0.480] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 8.02 | 0.137 | 0.558 | [0.555,0.565] | |
中部 Central region | thres1 | 3.52 | 0.543 | 0.608 | [0.604,0.610] | |
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 3.03 | 0.698 | 0.701 | [0.349,0.402] | |
旅游业发展水平(Tr) Tourism development | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 65.73*** | 0.000 | 0.759 | [0.729,0.776] |
thres2 | 38.29 | 0.110 | 0.495 | [0.493,0.495] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 40.19** | 0.050 | 0.823 | [0.808,0.827] | |
thres2 | 16.48 | 0.110 | 0.379 | [0.378,0.392] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 9.8 | 0.213 | 0.494 | [0.489,0.495] | |
中部 Central region | thres1 | 10.57 | 0.250 | 0.498 | [0.486,0.501] | |
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 6.89 | 0.165 | 0.336 | [0.336,0.390] | |
经济发展 水平(Egdp) Economic development level | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 98.33*** | 0.000 | 6.347 | [6.097,6.347] |
thres2 | 63.39*** | 0.000 | 8.492 | [8.181,8.521] | ||
thres3 | 17.94 | 0.810 | 3.134 | [2.937,3.136] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 42.29** | 0.017 | 8.187 | [8.130,8.256] | |
thres2 | 54.76*** | 0.000 | 12.071 | [11.775,12.123] | ||
thres3 | 27.55 | 0.640 | 8.748 | [8.202,8.800] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 33.32*** | 0.010 | 3.134 | [3.059,3.262] | |
thres2 | 25.18** | 0.020 | 5.727 | [5.387,5.813] | ||
thres3 | 16.11 | 0.667 | 4.125 | [3.967,4.149] | ||
中部 Central region | thres1 | 10.46** | 0.048 | 3.150 | [2.882,3.193] | |
thres2 | 16.24* | 0.063 | 5.687 | [5.117,5.754] | ||
thres3 | 11.08 | 0.703 | 4.258 | [3.857,4.275] | ||
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 9.03 | 0.49 | 3.01 | [1.089,1.903] | |
thres2 | 10.05 | 0.638 | 4.56 | [3.078,3.996] | ||
thres3 | 12.89 | 0.798 | 5.32 | [3.667,3.985] |
表6 门槛检验结果
Tab. 6 Result of threshold
门限变量 Threshold variable | 地区 Region | 门槛数 Numbers of threshold | F值 F value | p值 p value | 门槛值 Threshold value | 95%置信区间 95% confidence interval |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
城镇化 水平(Urb) Urbanizationlevel | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 31.71*** | 0.000 | 0.541 | [0.541,0.549] |
thres2 | 19.43*** | 0.003 | 0.873 | [0.868,0.874] | ||
thres3 | 6.97 | 0.767 | 0.621 | [0.620,0.622] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 15.24*** | 0.010 | 0.541 | [0.537,0.540] | |
thres2 | 10.08** | 0.050 | 0.737 | [0.765,0.854] | ||
thres3 | 3.82 | 0.780 | 0.645 | [0.477,0.480] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 8.02 | 0.137 | 0.558 | [0.555,0.565] | |
中部 Central region | thres1 | 3.52 | 0.543 | 0.608 | [0.604,0.610] | |
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 3.03 | 0.698 | 0.701 | [0.349,0.402] | |
旅游业发展水平(Tr) Tourism development | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 65.73*** | 0.000 | 0.759 | [0.729,0.776] |
thres2 | 38.29 | 0.110 | 0.495 | [0.493,0.495] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 40.19** | 0.050 | 0.823 | [0.808,0.827] | |
thres2 | 16.48 | 0.110 | 0.379 | [0.378,0.392] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 9.8 | 0.213 | 0.494 | [0.489,0.495] | |
中部 Central region | thres1 | 10.57 | 0.250 | 0.498 | [0.486,0.501] | |
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 6.89 | 0.165 | 0.336 | [0.336,0.390] | |
经济发展 水平(Egdp) Economic development level | 全国 Nationwide | thres1 | 98.33*** | 0.000 | 6.347 | [6.097,6.347] |
thres2 | 63.39*** | 0.000 | 8.492 | [8.181,8.521] | ||
thres3 | 17.94 | 0.810 | 3.134 | [2.937,3.136] | ||
东部 Eastern region | thres1 | 42.29** | 0.017 | 8.187 | [8.130,8.256] | |
thres2 | 54.76*** | 0.000 | 12.071 | [11.775,12.123] | ||
thres3 | 27.55 | 0.640 | 8.748 | [8.202,8.800] | ||
西部 Western region | thres1 | 33.32*** | 0.010 | 3.134 | [3.059,3.262] | |
thres2 | 25.18** | 0.020 | 5.727 | [5.387,5.813] | ||
thres3 | 16.11 | 0.667 | 4.125 | [3.967,4.149] | ||
中部 Central region | thres1 | 10.46** | 0.048 | 3.150 | [2.882,3.193] | |
thres2 | 16.24* | 0.063 | 5.687 | [5.117,5.754] | ||
thres3 | 11.08 | 0.703 | 4.258 | [3.857,4.275] | ||
东北地区 Northeastern region | thres1 | 9.03 | 0.49 | 3.01 | [1.089,1.903] | |
thres2 | 10.05 | 0.638 | 4.56 | [3.078,3.996] | ||
thres3 | 12.89 | 0.798 | 5.32 | [3.667,3.985] |
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | 1.81** |
Is | 0.861*** | |
Open | 0.039 | |
HQT (γ≤54.1%) | 0.373*** | |
HQT (54.1%<γ<87.3%) | 0.464*** | |
HQT (γ≥87.3%) | 0.537*** | |
常数项 | -0.026 | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | 1.485* |
Is | 0.990*** | |
Open | 0.059 | |
HQT (γ≤54.8%) | -0.846*** | |
HQT (54.8<γ<87.1%) | -0.657*** | |
HQT (γ≥87.1%) | -1.083*** | |
常数项 | -0.006 |
表7 以城镇化水平为门槛变量的回归结果
Tab. 7 Regression results with urbanization as a threshold
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | 1.81** |
Is | 0.861*** | |
Open | 0.039 | |
HQT (γ≤54.1%) | 0.373*** | |
HQT (54.1%<γ<87.3%) | 0.464*** | |
HQT (γ≥87.3%) | 0.537*** | |
常数项 | -0.026 | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | 1.485* |
Is | 0.990*** | |
Open | 0.059 | |
HQT (γ≤54.8%) | -0.846*** | |
HQT (54.8<γ<87.1%) | -0.657*** | |
HQT (γ≥87.1%) | -1.083*** | |
常数项 | -0.006 |
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | -2.217*** |
Is | 0.931*** | |
Open | -0.073** | |
HQT (γ≤75.9%) | -0.258** | |
HQT (γ>75.9%) | 0.496*** | |
常数项 | -0.007 | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | -0.759 |
IS | 1.097*** | |
Open | -0.023 | |
HQT (γ≤82.3%) | -0.795*** | |
HQT (γ>82.3%) | -0.262 | |
常数项 | -0.028 |
表8 以旅游业发展水平为门槛变量的回归结果
Tab. 8 Regression results with the level of tourism development as a threshold
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | -2.217*** |
Is | 0.931*** | |
Open | -0.073** | |
HQT (γ≤75.9%) | -0.258** | |
HQT (γ>75.9%) | 0.496*** | |
常数项 | -0.007 | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | -0.759 |
IS | 1.097*** | |
Open | -0.023 | |
HQT (γ≤82.3%) | -0.795*** | |
HQT (γ>82.3%) | -0.262 | |
常数项 | -0.028 |
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | 1.779*** |
Is | 0.740*** | |
Open | 0.041 | |
HQT (γ≤6.347) | -0.119** | |
HQT (6.347<γ<8.492) | 0.045*** | |
HQT (γ≥8.492) | 0.294** | |
常数项 | -0.060** | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | 0.725* |
Is | 0.941*** | |
Open | 0.045 | |
HQT (γ≤8.187) | -0.696*** | |
HQT (8.187<γ<12.071) | -0.463** | |
HQT (γ≥12.071) | -0.200 | |
常数项 | 0.006 | |
中部 Central region | Gov | 2.047 |
Is | 0.402*** | |
Open | 0.145 | |
HQT (γ≤3.150) | 0.878*** | |
HQT (3.150<γ<5.687) | 0.987*** | |
HQT (γ≥5.687) | 0.997*** | |
常数项 | -0.076* | |
西部 Western region | Gov | -0.839* |
Is | 0.520*** | |
Open | 0.096** | |
HQT (γ≤3.134) | -0.520*** | |
HQT (3.134<γ<5.727) | -0.655*** | |
HQT (γ≥5.727) | -0.611*** | |
常数项 | -0.079** |
表9 以经济发展水平为门槛变量的回归结果
Tab. 9 Regression results with the level of economic development as a threshold
区域 Region | 旅游业高质量发展 High-quality development of tourism | |
---|---|---|
变量 Variable | 结果 Result | |
全国 Nationwide | Gov | 1.779*** |
Is | 0.740*** | |
Open | 0.041 | |
HQT (γ≤6.347) | -0.119** | |
HQT (6.347<γ<8.492) | 0.045*** | |
HQT (γ≥8.492) | 0.294** | |
常数项 | -0.060** | |
东部 Eastern region | Gov | 0.725* |
Is | 0.941*** | |
Open | 0.045 | |
HQT (γ≤8.187) | -0.696*** | |
HQT (8.187<γ<12.071) | -0.463** | |
HQT (γ≥12.071) | -0.200 | |
常数项 | 0.006 | |
中部 Central region | Gov | 2.047 |
Is | 0.402*** | |
Open | 0.145 | |
HQT (γ≤3.150) | 0.878*** | |
HQT (3.150<γ<5.687) | 0.987*** | |
HQT (γ≥5.687) | 0.997*** | |
常数项 | -0.076* | |
西部 Western region | Gov | -0.839* |
Is | 0.520*** | |
Open | 0.096** | |
HQT (γ≤3.134) | -0.520*** | |
HQT (3.134<γ<5.727) | -0.655*** | |
HQT (γ≥5.727) | -0.611*** | |
常数项 | -0.079** |
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