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旅游导刊 ›› 2023, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (2): 22-54.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.218
收稿日期:
2022-01-19
修回日期:
2022-12-18
出版日期:
2023-04-30
发布日期:
2023-05-23
通讯作者:
万德敏(1995— ),男,江西南昌人,江西财经大学工商管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:市场营销。E-mail:wandemins@163.com作者简介:
沈鹏熠(1980— ),男,湖南临湘人,博士,江西财经大学工商管理学院教授,研究方向:服务营销和零售管理。基金资助:
SHEN Pengyi, WAN Demin(), LI Jinxiong
Received:
2022-01-19
Revised:
2022-12-18
Online:
2023-04-30
Published:
2023-05-23
摘要:
提高旅游公共服务质量既是旅游业加速转型升级、提质增效的关键,也是增进游客幸福感的必然要求。本研究从旅游体验视角出发,构建了旅游公共服务质量对游客幸福感的多重中介模型,并运用结构方程建模和Bootstrap法对模型进行实证分析。研究发现:体验价值在信息传播服务质量、行政监管服务质量对实现性快乐的影响中发挥积极的中介作用,在信息传播服务质量、安全保障服务质量、行政监管服务质量对享乐性快乐的影响中也发挥积极的中介作用;体验满意度在信息传播服务质量、行政监管服务质量对实现性快乐和享乐性快乐的影响中均发挥积极的中介作用;替代者吸引力负向调节了公共设施服务质量、便民惠民服务质量、行政监管服务质量对体验价值的影响,以及公共设施服务质量、便民惠民服务质量对体验满意度的影响。本研究整合主观幸福感和心理幸福感的双元结构,扩展了游客幸福感的研究情境,明确了旅游公共服务质量对游客幸福感影响的心理机制及边界条件,对改善旅游公共服务质量及提升游客长期幸福感有重要启示。
中图分类号:
沈鹏熠, 万德敏, 李金雄. 旅游公共服务质量对游客幸福感的影响——基于旅游体验的视角[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(2): 22-54.
SHEN Pengyi, WAN Demin, LI Jinxiong. The Influence of Tourism Public Service Quality on Tourists’ Well-being: From the Perspective of Tourism Experience[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(2): 22-54.
项目 Item | 分类 Category | 数量 Frequency | 占比 Ratio (%) | 项目 Item | 分类 Category | 数量 Frequency | 占比 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | 男性 女性 | 203 230 | 46.9 53.1 | 年龄 Age | 18岁及以下 19~30岁 31~40岁 41~60岁 61岁及以上 | 29 259 89 24 32 | 6.7 59.8 20.6 5.5 7.4 |
受教育程度 Degree of education | 高中及以下 大专 本科 硕士及以上 | 39 75 240 79 | 9.0 17.3 55.4 18.3 | ||||
职业 Profession | 工人 教师 公务员 公司职员 个体工商户 学生 农民 其他 | 23 71 35 115 11 129 17 32 | 5.3 16.4 8.1 26.6 2.5 29.8 3.9 7.4 | ||||
月收入 Monthly income | 2 000元以下 2 001~3 000元 3 001~4 000元 4 001~5 000元 5 001元以上 | 103 62 99 75 94 | 23.8 14.3 22.9 17.3 21.7 |
表1 样本的人口统计学特征
Tab. 1 Demographic statistics of samples
项目 Item | 分类 Category | 数量 Frequency | 占比 Ratio (%) | 项目 Item | 分类 Category | 数量 Frequency | 占比 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | 男性 女性 | 203 230 | 46.9 53.1 | 年龄 Age | 18岁及以下 19~30岁 31~40岁 41~60岁 61岁及以上 | 29 259 89 24 32 | 6.7 59.8 20.6 5.5 7.4 |
受教育程度 Degree of education | 高中及以下 大专 本科 硕士及以上 | 39 75 240 79 | 9.0 17.3 55.4 18.3 | ||||
职业 Profession | 工人 教师 公务员 公司职员 个体工商户 学生 农民 其他 | 23 71 35 115 11 129 17 32 | 5.3 16.4 8.1 26.6 2.5 29.8 3.9 7.4 | ||||
月收入 Monthly income | 2 000元以下 2 001~3 000元 3 001~4 000元 4 001~5 000元 5 001元以上 | 103 62 99 75 94 | 23.8 14.3 22.9 17.3 21.7 |
研究变量 Variable | 测量指标 Measurement item | 标准化载荷组合信度Standardized load | 组合信度CR | 克隆巴赫系数Cronbach’s α | 平均方差抽取量 AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
信息传播 服务质量 (XXCB) | 该公共旅游地的信息咨询服务准确 | 0.660*** | 0.742 | 0.738 | 0.490 |
该公共旅游地的信息服务真实可靠 | 0.736*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的旅游教育信息宣传力度大 | 0.701*** | ||||
安全保障 服务质量 (AQBZ) | 该公共旅游地的餐饮安全监管力度大 | 0.789*** | 0.714 | 0.708 | 0.458 |
该公共旅游地的旅游安全应急预案健全 | 0.578*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的游客安全求助处理及时 | 0.646*** | ||||
公共设施 服务质量 (GGSS) | 该公共旅游地的交通引导标识规范 | 0.748*** | 0.787 | 0.783 | 0.552 |
该公共旅游地的交通费用实惠 | 0.679*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的入住酒店舒适、便利 | 0.798*** | ||||
便民惠民 服务质量 (BMHM) | 该公共旅游地的节庆活动种类丰富 | 0.740*** | 0.769 | 0.766 | 0.526 |
该公共旅游地的公共资源免费开放 | 0.754*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的公厕卫生状况改善 | 0.680*** | ||||
行政监管 服务质量 (XZJG) | 该公共旅游地的旅游行政服务效率高 | 0.715*** | 0.723 | 0.722 | 0.466 |
该公共旅游地的从业者教育培训服务规范 | 0.708*** | ||||
该公共旅游地对保护游客权益的重视程度高 | 0.622*** | ||||
体验价值 (TYJZ) | 在该公共旅游地的花费是值得的 | 0.722*** | 0.737 | 0.736 | 0.484 |
该公共旅游地提供的服务很友好 | 0.652*** | ||||
在该公共旅游地旅游让我感到兴奋 | 0.711*** | ||||
体验 满意度 (TYMYD) | 该公共旅游地与我的期望是相符的 | 0.753*** | 0.738 | 0.731 | 0.489 |
选择来该公共旅游地是非常明智的 | 0.559*** | ||||
我对在该公共旅游地的旅游感到满意 | 0.766*** | ||||
替代者 吸引力 (TDZXYL) | 如需重新选择一个旅游公共服务景区的话,我也有不错的选择 | 0.688*** | 0.844 | 0.842 | 0.520 |
我在其他的旅游公共服务景区也可以获得不错的服务 | 0.721*** | ||||
在其他旅游公共服务景区的花销会比我现在游玩的景区更少 | 0.790*** | ||||
与该旅游服务景区相比,我对其他旅游公共服务景区的服务更满意 | 0.675*** | ||||
其他旅游公共服务景区的服务质量要比我现在游玩景区的好得多 | 0.726*** | ||||
实现性 快乐 (SXXKL) | 这次旅游让我很有成就感 | 0.767*** | 0.762 | 0.760 | 0.517 |
这次旅游让我的生活质量得到了提升 | 0.661*** | ||||
这次旅游对我的生活很有意义 | 0.724*** | ||||
享乐性 快乐 (XLXKL) | 与其他旅游地相比,该旅游地的服务让我很享受 | 0.765*** | 0.805 | 0.804 | 0.509 |
与其他旅游地相比,该旅游地能让我更加快乐 | 0.706*** | ||||
这次旅游让我不再紧张 | 0.743*** | ||||
这次旅游让我感觉很好 | 0.633*** |
表2 变量的信度和效度检验结果
Tab. 2 Test results for reliability and validity of variables
研究变量 Variable | 测量指标 Measurement item | 标准化载荷组合信度Standardized load | 组合信度CR | 克隆巴赫系数Cronbach’s α | 平均方差抽取量 AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
信息传播 服务质量 (XXCB) | 该公共旅游地的信息咨询服务准确 | 0.660*** | 0.742 | 0.738 | 0.490 |
该公共旅游地的信息服务真实可靠 | 0.736*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的旅游教育信息宣传力度大 | 0.701*** | ||||
安全保障 服务质量 (AQBZ) | 该公共旅游地的餐饮安全监管力度大 | 0.789*** | 0.714 | 0.708 | 0.458 |
该公共旅游地的旅游安全应急预案健全 | 0.578*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的游客安全求助处理及时 | 0.646*** | ||||
公共设施 服务质量 (GGSS) | 该公共旅游地的交通引导标识规范 | 0.748*** | 0.787 | 0.783 | 0.552 |
该公共旅游地的交通费用实惠 | 0.679*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的入住酒店舒适、便利 | 0.798*** | ||||
便民惠民 服务质量 (BMHM) | 该公共旅游地的节庆活动种类丰富 | 0.740*** | 0.769 | 0.766 | 0.526 |
该公共旅游地的公共资源免费开放 | 0.754*** | ||||
该公共旅游地的公厕卫生状况改善 | 0.680*** | ||||
行政监管 服务质量 (XZJG) | 该公共旅游地的旅游行政服务效率高 | 0.715*** | 0.723 | 0.722 | 0.466 |
该公共旅游地的从业者教育培训服务规范 | 0.708*** | ||||
该公共旅游地对保护游客权益的重视程度高 | 0.622*** | ||||
体验价值 (TYJZ) | 在该公共旅游地的花费是值得的 | 0.722*** | 0.737 | 0.736 | 0.484 |
该公共旅游地提供的服务很友好 | 0.652*** | ||||
在该公共旅游地旅游让我感到兴奋 | 0.711*** | ||||
体验 满意度 (TYMYD) | 该公共旅游地与我的期望是相符的 | 0.753*** | 0.738 | 0.731 | 0.489 |
选择来该公共旅游地是非常明智的 | 0.559*** | ||||
我对在该公共旅游地的旅游感到满意 | 0.766*** | ||||
替代者 吸引力 (TDZXYL) | 如需重新选择一个旅游公共服务景区的话,我也有不错的选择 | 0.688*** | 0.844 | 0.842 | 0.520 |
我在其他的旅游公共服务景区也可以获得不错的服务 | 0.721*** | ||||
在其他旅游公共服务景区的花销会比我现在游玩的景区更少 | 0.790*** | ||||
与该旅游服务景区相比,我对其他旅游公共服务景区的服务更满意 | 0.675*** | ||||
其他旅游公共服务景区的服务质量要比我现在游玩景区的好得多 | 0.726*** | ||||
实现性 快乐 (SXXKL) | 这次旅游让我很有成就感 | 0.767*** | 0.762 | 0.760 | 0.517 |
这次旅游让我的生活质量得到了提升 | 0.661*** | ||||
这次旅游对我的生活很有意义 | 0.724*** | ||||
享乐性 快乐 (XLXKL) | 与其他旅游地相比,该旅游地的服务让我很享受 | 0.765*** | 0.805 | 0.804 | 0.509 |
与其他旅游地相比,该旅游地能让我更加快乐 | 0.706*** | ||||
这次旅游让我不再紧张 | 0.743*** | ||||
这次旅游让我感觉很好 | 0.633*** |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XXCB | 1 | |||||||||
AQBZ | 0.708 (0.035) | 1 | ||||||||
GGSS | 0.010 (0.039) | -0.015 (0.039) | 1 | |||||||
BMHM | 0.025 (0.039) | -0.027 (0.038) | 0.686 (0.035) | 1 | ||||||
XZJG | 0.646 (0.038) | 0.718 (0.034) | 0.020 (0.060) | -0.017 (0.061) | 1 | |||||
TDZXYL | 0.019 (0.040) | -0.022 (0.039) | -0.021 (0.049) | 0.003 (0.049) | 0.003 (0.039) | 1 | ||||
TYJZ | 0.610 (0.040) | 0.667 (0.037) | -0.001 (0.062) | 0.030 (0.062) | 0.681 (0.036) | 0.029 (0.060) | 1 | |||
TYMYD | 0.629 (0.038) | 0.579 (0.039) | -0.008 (0.059) | 0.040 (0.059) | 0.664 (0.035) | 0.033 (0.058) | 0.705 (0.033) | 1 | ||
SXXKL | 0.168 (0.057) | 0.154 (0.056) | 0.053 (0.070) | 0.020 (0.071) | 0.170 (0.055) | -0.048 (0.069) | 0.157 (0.054) | 0.181 (0.057) | 1 | |
XLXKL | 0.645 (0.037) | 0.699 (0.034) | 0.027 (0.059) | 0.033 (0.060) | 0.759 (0.031) | 0.002 (0.058) | 0.697 (0.033) | 0.670 (0.036) | 0.123 (0.040) | 1 |
表3 变量之间的相关系数和判别效度
Tab. 3 Correlation coefficient and discriminant validity among multiple variables
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XXCB | 1 | |||||||||
AQBZ | 0.708 (0.035) | 1 | ||||||||
GGSS | 0.010 (0.039) | -0.015 (0.039) | 1 | |||||||
BMHM | 0.025 (0.039) | -0.027 (0.038) | 0.686 (0.035) | 1 | ||||||
XZJG | 0.646 (0.038) | 0.718 (0.034) | 0.020 (0.060) | -0.017 (0.061) | 1 | |||||
TDZXYL | 0.019 (0.040) | -0.022 (0.039) | -0.021 (0.049) | 0.003 (0.049) | 0.003 (0.039) | 1 | ||||
TYJZ | 0.610 (0.040) | 0.667 (0.037) | -0.001 (0.062) | 0.030 (0.062) | 0.681 (0.036) | 0.029 (0.060) | 1 | |||
TYMYD | 0.629 (0.038) | 0.579 (0.039) | -0.008 (0.059) | 0.040 (0.059) | 0.664 (0.035) | 0.033 (0.058) | 0.705 (0.033) | 1 | ||
SXXKL | 0.168 (0.057) | 0.154 (0.056) | 0.053 (0.070) | 0.020 (0.071) | 0.170 (0.055) | -0.048 (0.069) | 0.157 (0.054) | 0.181 (0.057) | 1 | |
XLXKL | 0.645 (0.037) | 0.699 (0.034) | 0.027 (0.059) | 0.033 (0.060) | 0.759 (0.031) | 0.002 (0.058) | 0.697 (0.033) | 0.670 (0.036) | 0.123 (0.040) | 1 |
假设 Hypothesis | 假设路径关系 Path relationship | 标准化 路径系数(β) Standardized path coefficient(β) | t值 t-value | 结论 Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1a | 信息传播服务质量→体验价值 | 0.168*** | 3.213 | 支持 |
H1b | 安全保障服务质量→体验价值 | 0.292*** | 5.521 | 支持 |
H1c | 公共设施服务质量→体验价值 | -0.040 | -1.236 | 不支持 |
H1d | 便民惠民服务质量→体验价值 | 0.090 | 1.850 | 不支持 |
H1e | 行政监管服务质量→体验价值 | 0.400*** | 6.890 | 支持 |
H2a | 信息传播服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.324*** | 6.511 | 支持 |
H2b | 安全保障服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.051 | 1.002 | 不支持 |
H2c | 公共设施服务质量→体验满意度 | -0.068 | -1.663 | 不支持 |
H2d | 便民惠民服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.123* | 2.457 | 支持 |
H2e | 行政监管服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.441*** | 7.510 | 支持 |
H3 | 体验价值→体验满意度 | 0.329*** | 4.890 | 支持 |
H4a | 体验价值→实现性快乐 | 0.310*** | 4.678 | 支持 |
H4b | 体验价值→享乐性快乐 | 0.461*** | 9.901 | 支持 |
H5a | 体验满意度→实现性快乐 | 0.136* | 2.123 | 支持 |
H5b | 体验满意度→享乐性快乐 | 0.360*** | 7.992 | 支持 |
H6 | 实现性快乐→享乐性快乐 | 0.302*** | 6.012 | 支持 |
表4 假设检验结果
Tab. 4 Hypothesis test results
假设 Hypothesis | 假设路径关系 Path relationship | 标准化 路径系数(β) Standardized path coefficient(β) | t值 t-value | 结论 Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1a | 信息传播服务质量→体验价值 | 0.168*** | 3.213 | 支持 |
H1b | 安全保障服务质量→体验价值 | 0.292*** | 5.521 | 支持 |
H1c | 公共设施服务质量→体验价值 | -0.040 | -1.236 | 不支持 |
H1d | 便民惠民服务质量→体验价值 | 0.090 | 1.850 | 不支持 |
H1e | 行政监管服务质量→体验价值 | 0.400*** | 6.890 | 支持 |
H2a | 信息传播服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.324*** | 6.511 | 支持 |
H2b | 安全保障服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.051 | 1.002 | 不支持 |
H2c | 公共设施服务质量→体验满意度 | -0.068 | -1.663 | 不支持 |
H2d | 便民惠民服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.123* | 2.457 | 支持 |
H2e | 行政监管服务质量→体验满意度 | 0.441*** | 7.510 | 支持 |
H3 | 体验价值→体验满意度 | 0.329*** | 4.890 | 支持 |
H4a | 体验价值→实现性快乐 | 0.310*** | 4.678 | 支持 |
H4b | 体验价值→享乐性快乐 | 0.461*** | 9.901 | 支持 |
H5a | 体验满意度→实现性快乐 | 0.136* | 2.123 | 支持 |
H5b | 体验满意度→享乐性快乐 | 0.360*** | 7.992 | 支持 |
H6 | 实现性快乐→享乐性快乐 | 0.302*** | 6.012 | 支持 |
项目 Item | Step1: IV→DV | Step2:IV→Mediator | Step3:TYJZ→DV | Step3:TYMYD→DV | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SXXKL | XLXKL | TYJZ | TYMYD | SXXKL | XLXKL | SXXKL | XLXKL | ||||
年龄 | -0.138** | -0.007 | 0.048 | -0.045 | -0.151** | -0.018 | -0.132** | 0.002 | |||
受教育程度 | -0.035 | 0.042 | 0.007 | 0.067 | -0.037 | 0.041 | -0.045 | 0.028 | |||
月收入 | 0.008 | 0.069* | 0.006 | 0.060 | 0.006 | 0.067 | -0.001 | 0.056 | |||
XXCB | 0.153* | 0.151*** | 0.165*** | 0.301*** | 0.112 | 0.112** | 0.110 | 0.089 | |||
AQBZ | -0.028 | 0.242*** | 0.279*** | 0.057 | -0.098 | 0.177*** | -0.036 | 0.231*** | |||
GGSS | 0.091 | -0.020 | -0.066 | -0.085 | 0.108 | -0.004 | 0.103 | -0.002 | |||
BMHM | -0.033 | 0.057 | 0.086 | 0.099* | -0.055 | 0.037 | -0.047 | 0.037 | |||
XZJG | 0.287*** | 0.472*** | 0.367*** | 0.420*** | 0.194** | 0.386*** | 0.226** | 0.385*** | |||
TYJZ | 0.252*** | 0.235*** | |||||||||
TYMYD | 0.145* | 0.207*** | |||||||||
R2 | 0.151 | 0.647 | 0.550 | 0.525 | 0.179 | 0.672 | 0.161 | 0.668 | |||
Adj-R2 | 0.135 | 0.641 | 0.541 | 0.516 | 0.162 | 0.665 | 0.143 | 0.660 | |||
F | 9.410 | 97.249 | 64.768 | 58.684 | 10.267 | 96.359 | 9.001 | 94.380 |
表5 中介效应的检验结果
Tab. 5 Test results of mediating effects
项目 Item | Step1: IV→DV | Step2:IV→Mediator | Step3:TYJZ→DV | Step3:TYMYD→DV | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SXXKL | XLXKL | TYJZ | TYMYD | SXXKL | XLXKL | SXXKL | XLXKL | ||||
年龄 | -0.138** | -0.007 | 0.048 | -0.045 | -0.151** | -0.018 | -0.132** | 0.002 | |||
受教育程度 | -0.035 | 0.042 | 0.007 | 0.067 | -0.037 | 0.041 | -0.045 | 0.028 | |||
月收入 | 0.008 | 0.069* | 0.006 | 0.060 | 0.006 | 0.067 | -0.001 | 0.056 | |||
XXCB | 0.153* | 0.151*** | 0.165*** | 0.301*** | 0.112 | 0.112** | 0.110 | 0.089 | |||
AQBZ | -0.028 | 0.242*** | 0.279*** | 0.057 | -0.098 | 0.177*** | -0.036 | 0.231*** | |||
GGSS | 0.091 | -0.020 | -0.066 | -0.085 | 0.108 | -0.004 | 0.103 | -0.002 | |||
BMHM | -0.033 | 0.057 | 0.086 | 0.099* | -0.055 | 0.037 | -0.047 | 0.037 | |||
XZJG | 0.287*** | 0.472*** | 0.367*** | 0.420*** | 0.194** | 0.386*** | 0.226** | 0.385*** | |||
TYJZ | 0.252*** | 0.235*** | |||||||||
TYMYD | 0.145* | 0.207*** | |||||||||
R2 | 0.151 | 0.647 | 0.550 | 0.525 | 0.179 | 0.672 | 0.161 | 0.668 | |||
Adj-R2 | 0.135 | 0.641 | 0.541 | 0.516 | 0.162 | 0.665 | 0.143 | 0.660 | |||
F | 9.410 | 97.249 | 64.768 | 58.684 | 10.267 | 96.359 | 9.001 | 94.380 |
图2 替代者吸引力对旅游公共服务质量各维度和体验价值关系的调节效应
Fig. 2 The moderating effect of alternative attractiveness on the dimensions of tourism public service quality and experience value
图3 替代者吸引力对旅游公共服务质量各维度和体验满意度关系的调节效应
Fig. 3 The moderating effect of alternative attractiveness on the dimensions of tourism public service quality and experience satisfaction
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