Tourism and Hospitality Prospects ›› 2023, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 76-95.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.229
• Research Paper • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHANG Yan1(), DONG Xuewang2,3, SUN Minghao1
Received:
2022-11-26
Revised:
2023-04-10
Online:
2023-08-30
Published:
2023-09-18
通讯作者:
张 延(1978—),女,浙江杭州人,博士,浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向:休闲理论与实践。E-mail:zhangyan123@zjgsu.edu.cn
作者简介:
董雪旺(1974—),男,山西襄汾人,博士,台州学院台州市文化和旅游研究院教授,硕士生导师,研究方向:旅游地理学。基金资助:
CLC Number:
ZHANG Yan, DONG Xuewang, SUN Minghao. Research on the Resilience Increases of Families with Disabled Children by Tourism Volunteers from the Perspective of Leisure Activities[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(4): 76-95.
张延, 董雪旺, 孙明昊. 休闲活动视角下旅游志愿者对残障儿童家庭抗逆力提升研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(4): 76-95.
编号 No. | 性别 Sex | 年龄 Age | 障碍类型 Disable type | 照顾者Caregiver | 地域 Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 男 | 6 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
2 | 女 | 6 | 视障 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
3 | 女 | 6 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
4 | 女 | 3 | 视障 | 祖父母 | 浙江省 |
5 | 女 | 3 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 湖南省 |
6 | 男 | 4 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
7 | 男 | 6 | 视障 | 父母 | 江西省 |
8 | 女 | 5 | 听障 | 外祖母 | 浙江省 |
9 | 男 | 6 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 浙江省 |
10 | 男 | 6 | 肢体残障(中度) | 父母 | 浙江省 |
11 | 女 | 3 | 肢体残障(重度) | 母亲 | 河南省 |
12 | 男 | 4 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 浙江省 |
13 | 女 | 3 | 肢体残障(重度) | 祖父母 | 山东省 |
14 | 女 | 5 | 视障 | 父母 | 吉林省 |
15 | 男 | 5 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
Tab.1 The family characteristics of interviewed children with disabilities
编号 No. | 性别 Sex | 年龄 Age | 障碍类型 Disable type | 照顾者Caregiver | 地域 Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 男 | 6 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
2 | 女 | 6 | 视障 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
3 | 女 | 6 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
4 | 女 | 3 | 视障 | 祖父母 | 浙江省 |
5 | 女 | 3 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 湖南省 |
6 | 男 | 4 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
7 | 男 | 6 | 视障 | 父母 | 江西省 |
8 | 女 | 5 | 听障 | 外祖母 | 浙江省 |
9 | 男 | 6 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 浙江省 |
10 | 男 | 6 | 肢体残障(中度) | 父母 | 浙江省 |
11 | 女 | 3 | 肢体残障(重度) | 母亲 | 河南省 |
12 | 男 | 4 | 自闭症 | 母亲 | 浙江省 |
13 | 女 | 3 | 肢体残障(重度) | 祖父母 | 山东省 |
14 | 女 | 5 | 视障 | 父母 | 吉林省 |
15 | 男 | 5 | 自闭症 | 父母 | 浙江省 |
范畴 Category | 概念 Conception | 访谈文本中的原始代表语句 Original representative statement in interview text |
---|---|---|
自我认知 Self-cognition | 实现自我认知 Achieve self-cognition | 第一次遇到志愿者,她帮助孩子学习了很多知识(case 1) |
自我提升 Self-improvement | 实现成就感 Sense of achievement | 每次遇到志愿者同志,都能明显感到他(孩子)的变化……当然我们不去和别的小孩比,就是和自己比,明显能感觉到他(孩子)的进步(case 15) |
安全隐患 Hidden danger | 安全引导 Security guidance | 他(孩子)会推开你的手想自己走,路上有那么多车,但是有志愿者大姐姐带着,他就很乖很乖(case 1) |
规范意识 Standardization consciousness | 他(孩子)会一直去开路上的那些门,只要有门他就会去开门,所以会打扰到别人,后来那个志愿者姐姐来了,情况马上就好了,孩子马上就规矩了,我们真的很开心(case 1) | |
信息保障 Information assurance | 从去年到现在,我们去过一次江西,对地方不熟悉,但是志愿者是当地人,他(志愿者)介绍了很多非常有用的信息(case 4) | |
收益和收获Benefits and gains | 素养培养 Ability training | 这几次都遇到了素质特别高的志愿者,所以每次旅游我们都感觉有新获得吧,不仅仅是孩子(case 2) |
家庭凝聚力 Family cohesion | 每次出门都要全家人出动,本来大家都很累,但是那个大学生(志愿者)一来,感觉(孩子)配合度就很好了(case 10) | |
建立联结 Establish link | 以前他(孩子)都是一定要妈妈带,不要爷爷奶奶,但是自从遇到了那个志愿者,后来他(孩子)就愿意和别人说话了,对陌生人的表现也变好了(case 9) | |
组织目标 Organizational objectives | 目标期许 Target expectation | 真的很希望在每一个景点都能遇到旅游志愿者啊,那该多么好(case 5) |
条件期许 Conditional expectation | 现在我们家的经济条件还不行,我老公失业,我遇到的志愿者真的很好,他(志愿者)离开之后还寄来了一些书给我们(case 11) | |
引发期望 Raise expectation | 虽然现在还有疫情,但是遇到志愿者就感觉事情简单了很多(case 8) | |
旅游需求 Tourism demand | 安全需求 Security requirements | 他(孩子)不听话啊,会乱跑乱转,还会突然间走散,这个是最担心的,所以我们最需要能照顾到安全的旅游志愿者(case 9) |
社会关爱 Social care | 我们孩子没有太多过激行为,但是会一直动来动去,影响到其他人,志愿者有提醒过我们,问我们有什么需求(case 6) | |
公共交通 Public transportation | 出门会遇到志愿者,有次在景区门口,志愿者免费帮我们开电瓶车送到景区里(case 11) | |
社会资源 Social resources | 酒店住宿 Hotel accommodation | 完全没想到旅游会遇到这些问题,但是志愿者张先生非常专业,帮我们一一化解了难题,尤其是在酒店住宿的时候,他帮我们解决了好多问题(case 9) |
旅行社 Travel agency | 小李是旅行社的志愿者,真的很幸运能认识他,我们出去旅游都是特意预订他在的团队,他会很细心地帮我们特别安排一楼的房间,孩子上下大巴不方便的时候,小李常常帮我把孩子直接背下来呢(case 13) | |
人格需求Personality needs | 开放性人格 Open personality | 志愿者会给我们小朋友送礼物哦,真的是很惊喜(case 11) 坐火车十几个小时,小朋友真的很闹,会打扰别人,别人会很烦他(孩子),还好那次遇到了志愿者(case 15) |
宜人性人格 Pleasant personality | 我们遇到的那个志愿者真的特别好,帮我们排队的时候照顾发脾气的小朋友,真是让我舒了一口气啊(case 6) 那个志愿者很不错,但是太性急了,想帮我们推轮椅,竟然把轮子都撞坏了……(case 13) | |
责任性人格 Responsible personality | 这次在旅途中,小朋友突然生病了,吐了两天,真是让我精疲力竭啊。尽管如此,我还是非常欣慰这次遇到了志愿者小王,他具有丰富的医疗照顾知识,十分负责,对我们这次旅游帮助极大(case 4) | |
旅游行为 Tourism behavior | 正面影响 Positive impact | 热情、可爱的志愿者晓红姑娘总是和孩子说话,这次旅游之后感觉孩子胆子大了很多,虽然还表达不清楚,但是已经敢讲,这在康复学校都学不到(case 12) |
负面影响 Negative effect | 最近两次旅游都没有再遇到任何志愿者,唉,好累,玩完回来之后,觉得原来好不容易培养的基本能力都退步了(case 6) |
Tab.2 Example of category results of open coding
范畴 Category | 概念 Conception | 访谈文本中的原始代表语句 Original representative statement in interview text |
---|---|---|
自我认知 Self-cognition | 实现自我认知 Achieve self-cognition | 第一次遇到志愿者,她帮助孩子学习了很多知识(case 1) |
自我提升 Self-improvement | 实现成就感 Sense of achievement | 每次遇到志愿者同志,都能明显感到他(孩子)的变化……当然我们不去和别的小孩比,就是和自己比,明显能感觉到他(孩子)的进步(case 15) |
安全隐患 Hidden danger | 安全引导 Security guidance | 他(孩子)会推开你的手想自己走,路上有那么多车,但是有志愿者大姐姐带着,他就很乖很乖(case 1) |
规范意识 Standardization consciousness | 他(孩子)会一直去开路上的那些门,只要有门他就会去开门,所以会打扰到别人,后来那个志愿者姐姐来了,情况马上就好了,孩子马上就规矩了,我们真的很开心(case 1) | |
信息保障 Information assurance | 从去年到现在,我们去过一次江西,对地方不熟悉,但是志愿者是当地人,他(志愿者)介绍了很多非常有用的信息(case 4) | |
收益和收获Benefits and gains | 素养培养 Ability training | 这几次都遇到了素质特别高的志愿者,所以每次旅游我们都感觉有新获得吧,不仅仅是孩子(case 2) |
家庭凝聚力 Family cohesion | 每次出门都要全家人出动,本来大家都很累,但是那个大学生(志愿者)一来,感觉(孩子)配合度就很好了(case 10) | |
建立联结 Establish link | 以前他(孩子)都是一定要妈妈带,不要爷爷奶奶,但是自从遇到了那个志愿者,后来他(孩子)就愿意和别人说话了,对陌生人的表现也变好了(case 9) | |
组织目标 Organizational objectives | 目标期许 Target expectation | 真的很希望在每一个景点都能遇到旅游志愿者啊,那该多么好(case 5) |
条件期许 Conditional expectation | 现在我们家的经济条件还不行,我老公失业,我遇到的志愿者真的很好,他(志愿者)离开之后还寄来了一些书给我们(case 11) | |
引发期望 Raise expectation | 虽然现在还有疫情,但是遇到志愿者就感觉事情简单了很多(case 8) | |
旅游需求 Tourism demand | 安全需求 Security requirements | 他(孩子)不听话啊,会乱跑乱转,还会突然间走散,这个是最担心的,所以我们最需要能照顾到安全的旅游志愿者(case 9) |
社会关爱 Social care | 我们孩子没有太多过激行为,但是会一直动来动去,影响到其他人,志愿者有提醒过我们,问我们有什么需求(case 6) | |
公共交通 Public transportation | 出门会遇到志愿者,有次在景区门口,志愿者免费帮我们开电瓶车送到景区里(case 11) | |
社会资源 Social resources | 酒店住宿 Hotel accommodation | 完全没想到旅游会遇到这些问题,但是志愿者张先生非常专业,帮我们一一化解了难题,尤其是在酒店住宿的时候,他帮我们解决了好多问题(case 9) |
旅行社 Travel agency | 小李是旅行社的志愿者,真的很幸运能认识他,我们出去旅游都是特意预订他在的团队,他会很细心地帮我们特别安排一楼的房间,孩子上下大巴不方便的时候,小李常常帮我把孩子直接背下来呢(case 13) | |
人格需求Personality needs | 开放性人格 Open personality | 志愿者会给我们小朋友送礼物哦,真的是很惊喜(case 11) 坐火车十几个小时,小朋友真的很闹,会打扰别人,别人会很烦他(孩子),还好那次遇到了志愿者(case 15) |
宜人性人格 Pleasant personality | 我们遇到的那个志愿者真的特别好,帮我们排队的时候照顾发脾气的小朋友,真是让我舒了一口气啊(case 6) 那个志愿者很不错,但是太性急了,想帮我们推轮椅,竟然把轮子都撞坏了……(case 13) | |
责任性人格 Responsible personality | 这次在旅途中,小朋友突然生病了,吐了两天,真是让我精疲力竭啊。尽管如此,我还是非常欣慰这次遇到了志愿者小王,他具有丰富的医疗照顾知识,十分负责,对我们这次旅游帮助极大(case 4) | |
旅游行为 Tourism behavior | 正面影响 Positive impact | 热情、可爱的志愿者晓红姑娘总是和孩子说话,这次旅游之后感觉孩子胆子大了很多,虽然还表达不清楚,但是已经敢讲,这在康复学校都学不到(case 12) |
负面影响 Negative effect | 最近两次旅游都没有再遇到任何志愿者,唉,好累,玩完回来之后,觉得原来好不容易培养的基本能力都退步了(case 6) |
主范畴 Main category | 对应范畴 Corresponding category | 范畴的内涵 Connotation of category |
---|---|---|
人格特质 Personality traits | 开放性人格 Open personality | 有包容性和愿意接触新环境的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 |
宜人性人格 Pleasant personality | 对人热情和善良坦诚的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 | |
责任性人格 Responsible personality | 有责任担当和自律性的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 | |
行为态度 Behavior attitude | 行为控制 Behavior control | 帮助残障儿童家庭建立旅游休闲活动行为的正确行为规范和正确意识 |
组织计划 Plan organizing | 协助残障儿童家庭做好旅游休闲活动的流程计划 | |
目标设定 Goal setting | 帮助残障儿童家庭制定旅游休闲活动的各个目标和相关设定 | |
心理调适 Psychological adjustment | 引导自我认知 Acheive self-cognition | 帮助残障儿童家庭实现对自我效能和自我价值的重新认识 |
引导成就感 Sense of achievement | 帮助残障儿童家庭获得完成旅游休闲各项活动的成就感 | |
压力诠释 Pressure interpretation | 帮助残障儿童家庭对旅游障碍和压力进行分析和解释 | |
资源构建Resource construction | 社会支持 Social support | 旅游经营单位、政府社会和公共环境对旅游志愿者的尊重和物质支持 |
家庭要素 Family elements | 残障儿童家庭对旅游志愿者的理解和接纳 | |
组织要素 Organizational elements | 政策倡导、政府及相关企事业资金支持、法律及权益保护、社会氛围及残障旅游发展的公共环境 |
Tab.3 The main category of spindle coding
主范畴 Main category | 对应范畴 Corresponding category | 范畴的内涵 Connotation of category |
---|---|---|
人格特质 Personality traits | 开放性人格 Open personality | 有包容性和愿意接触新环境的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 |
宜人性人格 Pleasant personality | 对人热情和善良坦诚的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 | |
责任性人格 Responsible personality | 有责任担当和自律性的个体易成为帮助残障儿童家庭的旅游志愿者 | |
行为态度 Behavior attitude | 行为控制 Behavior control | 帮助残障儿童家庭建立旅游休闲活动行为的正确行为规范和正确意识 |
组织计划 Plan organizing | 协助残障儿童家庭做好旅游休闲活动的流程计划 | |
目标设定 Goal setting | 帮助残障儿童家庭制定旅游休闲活动的各个目标和相关设定 | |
心理调适 Psychological adjustment | 引导自我认知 Acheive self-cognition | 帮助残障儿童家庭实现对自我效能和自我价值的重新认识 |
引导成就感 Sense of achievement | 帮助残障儿童家庭获得完成旅游休闲各项活动的成就感 | |
压力诠释 Pressure interpretation | 帮助残障儿童家庭对旅游障碍和压力进行分析和解释 | |
资源构建Resource construction | 社会支持 Social support | 旅游经营单位、政府社会和公共环境对旅游志愿者的尊重和物质支持 |
家庭要素 Family elements | 残障儿童家庭对旅游志愿者的理解和接纳 | |
组织要素 Organizational elements | 政策倡导、政府及相关企事业资金支持、法律及权益保护、社会氛围及残障旅游发展的公共环境 |
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