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The Influence of Tourism Public Service Quality on Tourists’ Well-being: From the Perspective of Tourism Experience
SHEN Pengyi, WAN Demin, LI Jinxiong
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (2): 22-54.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.218
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Improving the quality of tourism public services is essential not only to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of tourism and improve quality and efficiency but also to enhance tourists’ well-being. This study, from the perspective of tourism experience, constructs a multiple intermediary model of the influence of tourism public service quality on tourists’ well-being. Structural equation and Bootstrap methods are used to test the model. The results reveal that, experience value positively mediates the impact of information communication service quality and administrative supervision service quality on eudaimonia enjoyment and the impact of information communication service quality, security service quality and administrative supervision service quality on hedonic enjoyment; experience satisfaction positively mediates the impact of information communication service quality and administrative supervision service quality on both eudaimonia enjoyment and hedonic enjoyment; the alternative attractiveness negatively moderates the impact of public facilities service quality, convenience and benefit service quality, and administrative supervision service quality on experience value and the impact of public facilities service quality and convenience and benefit service quality on experience satisfaction. This study integrates the dual structure of subjective well-being and psychological well-being and expands the research on tourists’ well-being. Additionally, it defines the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of tourism public service quality on tourists’ well-being, providing important enlightenment for improving tourism public service quality and enhancing tourists’ long-term well-being.

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High-Quality Development of Rural Tourism from the Perspective of Common Prosperity: Theoretical Connotation and Scientific Issues
WANG Jinwei, ZHU Hong, SONG Ziqian, ZHANG Huanzhou, ZHANG Yijia, ZHANG Gaojun, LEI Ting
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (2): 1-21.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.227
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Common prosperity is an essential requirement of the Chinese path to modernization, and rural areas are key to achieving the goal of common prosperity. In recent years, rural tourism has played an important role in promoting farmers’ income growth and solving the “Three Rural Issues.” This study focuses on the scientific connotation, theoretical logic, impact mechanism, development strategy, and realization path of high-quality development of rural tourism from the perspective of common prosperity. The core points are as follows. (1) The scientific connotation of high-quality development of rural tourism from the perspective of common prosperity should be understood and grasped from the aspects of industrial upgrading and economic development, cultural revitalization and cultural continuity, ecological protection, and the transition to green development. (2) The development of rural tourism should focus on demand and supply, scientific planning of rural tourism, and benefits for more people. (3) Rural tourism micro-enterprises are important in the development of rural tourism. They must stimulate the vitality of common prosperity by activating kinship networks, improving cultivation accuracy, and building industrial clusters. (4) The development of rural tourism needs to focus on cultural connotations, make full use of the excellent traditional Chinese culture represented by intangible cultural heritage, and promote rural tourism to enter a new stage of high-quality supply. (5) Common prosperity and high-quality development of rural tourism are interdependent and mutually supportive. We should further clarify industrial orientation, improve supply levels, make good use of cultural achievements, and explore reform and innovation systems.

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On the Theoretical Logic and Strategic Path of High-quality Development of Rural Tourism from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization
LIU Peilin, YE Fangyu, LIU Ruirui, LI Bohua, LI Qian, LU Lin, ZOU Xiaodan, GUO Wen, CAI Xiaomei
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (3): 1-22.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.234
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The key to rural revitalization lies in vitalizing rural industries. The development of the rural tourism industry - under the requirement for green, low-carbon and sustainable growth - is an important path for rural revitalization. To achieve high-quality development of rural tourism, it is necessary to follow the triple logic of system, reality and practice, with the overall aim being to achieve a “green and low-carbon ecological foundation, innovation-driven intelligent transformation, cultural empowerment of spiritual inheritance, and industrial optimization of integrated development.” The bottleneck of rural tourism’s development is that it is difficult for industrial factors to flow to, and gather in, the rural areas. The key to success lies in re-understanding the contemporary rural regions and re-constructing the local comprehensive entities, starting from tourism factor clustering, specialty of development, effective utilization of resources, green development, scientific and technological empowerment, institutional innovation, personnel training, and reconstruction of local comprehensive entities. Indeed, the purpose of this is to be able to forge a new combination of rural tourism development factors, create rural tourism products with unique features and vitality, and promote the high-quality development of the rural tourism industry.

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Human-Land-Industry-Governance: An Integrated Theoretical Framework for Rural Tourism Research
XU Hong, ZHANG Xingfa
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (6): 1-21.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.243
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Rural tourism plays a guiding role in promoting rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity, and it is also an important way to promote the modernization of Chinese agriculture and rural areas. After more than 30 years, the research on rural tourism in China has achieved fruitful research results, with the research content showing a trend of “a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending”. However, localised theoretical innovation and insights into theoretical research are still lacking. The regional system of the relationship between scholars and places in local geography provides an important basis for the perspective of rural problems, and the rural human-land-industry element system has become an important perspective in rural research and has been widely used. However, as a complex multisystem, rural governance is an unavoidable problem in promoting rural modernization and building a well-off society. Based on this, this study constructs a theoretical framework of “human-land-industry-governance” on the basis of the human-land-industry framework. It holds that population is the key factor in the development of rural tourism destinations, and industry is the core of the development of rural tourism destinations. Land is the basic guarantee factor for the development of the rural tourism industry and the entrepreneurship of talent officers, and the governance of rural tourism sites plays the role of regulator. The coordinated development of the four factors can further promote the optimization of the land-land relationship in rural tourism, and the integration of the theoretical framework can better promote the theoretical research and practical progress of rural tourism in the future. Against the background of this article being written on the land of the motherland, the study of rural tourism localization should pay attention to the following three problems: first, it should emphasize people-orientation and pay attention to the subjectivity of individuals in rural tourism; second, it should pay attention to the flow of urban and rural populations and explore the new endogenous development model of rural tourism destinations; third, it should build a good governance system in rural areas, focusing on the common prosperity of rural tourism destinations.

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Technology’s Ability to Empower High-quality Tourism Development: Practical Paths and Research Issues
CHEN Ye, MA Jizhen, LI Hengyun, ZHANG Kun, CHEN Gang, JIN Ying, XU Hong, TANG Xiaoyun, CAO Zhihui, PEI Jiahui, PAN Bing
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 1-22.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.244
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Technology has become an important driving force in high-quality tourism development. Macroscopically, this study discusses the present situation and tasks of technological innovation in China’s tourism industry and the important areas of technology-enabled high-quality tourism development. At the meso level, this study analyzes the practical paths and research issues of digital technology-empowered tourist destinations. At the micro level, this study discusses the impact of digital visual technology and various digital technologies on the tourist experience and their application in tourist locations such as museums. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) China should carry out demand-oriented technological innovation in the field of tourism, improve the quality of tourist services, upgrade elements of tourist enterprises, modernize the governance skills of mass tourism in various destinations, and form a green development capacity for the sustainable use of resources so that technology will comprehensively empower high-quality tourism development. (2) AI technology empowers high-quality tourism development, especially in shaping a more coordinated and greener tourism development model. (3) The practice of applying digital technology to promote the high-quality development of tourist destinations has given rise to issues worthy of study, such as the “liquid interaction” between destinations and tourists, value co-creation by multiple participants, and the construction of digital ecology and digital competitiveness. (4) Innovation in tourist experience products and services empowered by digital visual technology can help China upgrade and develop its tourist industry in the direction of service innovation, product technology, and brand uniqueness. (5) Digital technology reshapes the forms of museums, enriches the content and methods of museum exhibitions, enhances visitors’ immersive experiences and edutainment, and helps create more diverse communication channels.

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35 Years of Hotel Research in China: A Quantitative Analysis of Papers Published in Tourism Tribune and Tourism Science
WANG Yuan, GU Yiqiu, FENG Xuegang
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (2): 95-123.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.207
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Although hotel research has developed in China for more than thirty years, few studies have investigated the knowledge development process or the current status of Chinese hotel research. This paper conducts a chronological analysis of hotel-related papers published in two leading Chinese tourism journals, namely Tourism Tribune and Tourism Science. The total number of articles included in the analysis was 598. Network analysis was used to examine the key contributors and institutes contributing to the Chinese hotel literature across different time periods. The research area, research design, and methods for data collection and data analysis were identified for each sampled hotel article by adopting a manual coding approach. Results show that the paradigm of Chinese hotel research shifted between the years 2001 and 2005, characterized by distinct foci and methodological preferences. The majority of hotel articles published before 2000 were conceptual and atheoretical; empirical research following a hypothesis-testing approach has grown rapidly since 2000 and now has become the dominant paradigm of Chinese hotel research. Regarding the topics of Chinese hotel research, there has been an increased interest in the attitudes and behaviors of hotel employees and customers, and a declining interest in understanding the practical aspects of hotel management. Correspondingly, surveys targeting hotel customers and employees have become the most widely used data collection tool; also, data analysis methods have become more sophisticated, with techniques suitable for latent variable analysis, including factor analysis and structural equation modeling, gaining popularity.

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Learning from the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of CPC to Promote Chinese Path to Tourism Modernization
LI Xinjian, WU Wenxue, WU Jinmei, SONG Rui, ZHANG Hui, ZHOU Jiucai, GU Jiaqian, LEI Haisu, WEI Xiao’an
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (4): 1-24.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.238
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Chinese tourism modernization in the context of Chinese modernization is a new requirement and direction for tourism development in the new era. In view of the important spirit of the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, this article focuses on the theoretical connotations, opportunities and challenges, value logic, essential requirements, practical contradictions, and realization routes of Chinese tourism modernization. The core insights are as follows: (1) The development pattern of China's tourism industry is facing a fundamental transformation, and Chinese tourism modernization is a strategic opportunity and an important timing for the next transformation and upgrading of tourism; (2) High-quality tourism development is the primary task of Chinese tourism modernization, as well as an important aspect of promoting Chinese modernization, and the healthy vitality and agglomeration development of enterprises is an important foundation of this; (3) Chinese tourism modernization should respond to and follow the five connotative features of Chinese modernization, including a huge population, common prosperity for all, material and cultural-ethical advancement, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development, to examine its close connection with tourism modernization; (4) The in-depth integration of culture and tourism, synergy nature of both public institution and industry, equal construction of tourism public services, and innovation are inevitable requirements for Chinese tourism modernization and also key paths to its realization; (5) Chinese tourism modernization should be actively integrated into key tasks such as rural revitalization, regional coordination, new urbanization, etc. The value of tourism development in promoting the implementation of national strategies should be fully utilized.

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A Review of Tourist Destination Image in the Big Data Era: Data, Methods, and Technology
DUAN Rui, ZOU Tongqian, LIANG Weizhe
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 66-93.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.251
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By collecting and screening 74 papers related to tourist destination image research in the big data environment — and published in the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and Peking University Chinese Core Journal Catalog (2020 Edition), as of April 2023 — this study combs through the current status of the field, and analyzes and summarizes existing research from three perspectives — data (sources and modalities), methodology, and technology (tools) — and looks forward to future research trends. The research shows that user-generated content is the main data source, textual data is dominant in terms of modality, and content analysis is the basic method of tourist destination image research in the big data environment. Other commonly used methods in the field of computer science — such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, image annotation, and image recognition — can also be classified into this category. Technically, application programming interfaces (APIs) and software tools are mostly used, and the application of deep learning mainly focuses on image data, which has not yet been fully investigated in research on the image of tourist destinations.

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How Do Robot’s Performance Characteristics Affect Employee’s Well-being at Work: A Dual Perspective Based on Innovation Resistance Theory and Conservation of Resource Theory
WU Ci’en, PI Pingfan, GUAN Xinhua
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (2): 55-78.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.220
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The development of artificial intelligence technology has normalized service robots cooperating with front-line employees in restaurants to deliver customer services. The effect of service robots has attracted the attention of several researchers. However, existing research has focused on the relationship between customers and robots, whereas research on employees and robots is limited. This study constructs a conceptual model of the four performance features of service robots and employees’ work well-being from the dual perspectives of innovation resistance theory and conservation of resources theory. Using bootstrapping to test the chain mediation effect of robot anxiety and work engagement, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the animacy and perceived safety of the service robot have significant indirect effects on employees’ work well-being, and employees’ robot anxiety and work engagement have a significant chain mediated effect on the relationships of “animacy-work well-being” and “perceived safety-work well-being”; (2) the animacy and perceived safety of service robots negatively affect employees’ robot anxiety; (3) employees’ robot anxiety weakens their work engagement and reduces their work well-being; and (4) work engagement can improve employees’ work well-being. This study enriches research on the influence of robots on employees in service enterprises.

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Can High-Quality Tourism Development Promote Common Prosperity?
ZHAO Lihong, YUAN Hui’ai
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (4): 25-52.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.230
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Realizing that common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese modernization is primordial. This study focuses on the internal relationship between the two development strategies of high-quality tourism development and common prosperity, aiming to explore whether high-quality tourism development can promote common prosperity. It conducts an empirical test using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019. The findings are as follows: First, the high-quality development of tourism can significantly promote common prosperity, and promote “making the cake bigger” in the two sides of the integration of common prosperity, but only when the high-quality level of tourism crosses a certain threshold. At the same time, the high-quality development of tourism is more conducive to the provinces with a middle level of common prosperity, affluence, and common degree; Second, the positive effect of high-quality tourism development on common prosperity and affluence presents a trend of “central > western > eastern,” whereas the northeast does not show the influence effect at this stage. As far as common degree is concerned, it only shows a positive effect in the central and western regions, showing "the central region > the western region". Third, opening up and urbanization can affect the impact of high-quality tourism development on common prosperity. Based on this, it is concluded that the high-quality development level of tourism should be further improved, the overall income level of society should be promoted, and income distribution should be improved to promote the realization of common prosperity.

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Research on the Formation Path of Unforgettable Experience in the Shared Accommodation Setting
WANG Kaiyun, HE Zongwei, ZHAO Xiaoyou, MA Shihan, YE Shun, YING Tianyu
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 23-42.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.235
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The development of the sharing economy has given birth to a new form of experience economy called shared accommodation, which benefits from many innovations in its ability to shape “unforgettable experiences” for tourists. However, it is unclear how tourists form unforgettable experiences based on individual interactions in shared accommodation scenarios. Based on the comprehensive experience paradigm, this study systematically explores the influence mechanism of the features of shared accommodation on the tourist experience through grounded theory and further refines the formation path of tourists’ unforgettable experiences. The results show that tourists form unforgettable experiences in shared accommodation scenarios through three experiential paths: functional, emotional, and symbolic, and which correspond to the physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions, respectively. Simultaneously, four major factors influenced the occurrence of unforgettable experiences: infrastructure functions, service experiences, interpersonal interactions, and novel experiences. These results provide a reference for the sharing economy industry to optimize “experience-based” products and services.

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Staff Retention Mechanism Based on Kinship Management: A Case Study of the Bishuiwan Hot Spring Resort in Conghua, Guangzhou
FENG Zhengping, WU Namei, ZHENG Shijie
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (3): 58-77.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.222
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China’s hotel industry has accumulated valuable experience by introducing advanced management methods from Western countries. However, owing to the overemphasis on the single instrumental role of the economic exchange relationship, kinship management in traditional Chinese culture has received insufficient attention. Based on the theory of kinship-like exchange relationships and the perspective of kinship management, this study considers the Blue Water Bay Resort as a case study and analyzes the impact of KM on the stability mechanism of hotel staff through in-depth interviews and text analysis. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) KM is a management model featuring a kinship-like exchange relationship and humanized system. Idiosyncratic organizational culture plays an important role in promoting the construction of KM; (2) KM acts on emotional commitment through emotional management, promoting organizational commitment and influencing the formation of staff stability mechanisms; (3) the kinship-like exchange relationship enhances the undertaking of corporate social ethics and responsibilities; and (4) the influence of KM on the emotional commitment of staff members can be diversified, multilayered, and interactive. By surpassing the instrumentality of the economic exchange relationship, KM can improve the emotional factors of the staff towards the hotel and shed light on the stability of hotel staff and the sustainable development of the hotel.

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Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 1-.  
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Research Progress, Analytical Framework and Case Study of Tourism-based Livelihood Resilience
SHANG Qianlang, MING Qingzhong, LI Mengxue
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (2): 79-94.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.214
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Fluctuations in the tourism industry have caused many families to face practical difficulties in livelihood sustainability; thus, tourism-based livelihood resilience has become an important research topic. Analyzing the theoretical relationship between the research progress of tourism-based livelihood resilience and the Sustainable Livelihood Approach, this study innovatively integrates sustainable livelihoods and livelihood resilience, considers cultural resilience as a critical element, and constructs a theoretical analysis framework of tourism-based livelihood resilience with multidimensional perspectives and dynamic characteristics. Additionally, cases in Dali of Yunnan, were employed to analyze the acculturation, influencing factors, and cooperative governance of tourism-based livelihood resilience. This study expands the theoretical perspective on sustainable livelihoods and improves the theoretical system of tourism-based livelihood resilience. In the future, livelihood resilience measurement methods, comparison of multilevel case studies, evolutionary mechanism analysis, and collaborative governance should be strengthened in research on tourism-based livelihood resilience.

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Progress and Prospects of International Research on Tourism Flow from the Perspective of Big Data Application
ZHU He, LONG Jiangzhi, LIU Jiaming, ZHANG Shuying, LIN Shiran
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (3): 78-97.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.224
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Tourism flow is one of the main focuses of tourism research. The application of big data technology to tourism flow research is gradually becoming a trend. This study aims to understand the state-of-the-art tourism flow research from the perspective of big data application. We selected articles published in international academic journals as the research objects, summarized the research progress in relevant fields, and proposed research prospects. The analysis indicates that (1) since 2013, research on tourism flow, from the perspective of big data application, has shown a rapid development trend. Relevant research involves tourism, management, economy, information technology, and other fields with a development trend of diversified achievements. (2) based on keyword co-occurrence network analysis, it was divided into five condensed subsets. In terms of research themes, we found that achievements mainly focused on the measurement and characterization of tourism flow, the spatiotemporal pattern and effects of tourism flow, influencing factors, and prediction of tourism flow. In terms of application data, user-generated equipment and management data were the main data sources for analysis. The main methods included spatial statistics and analysis, network analysis, model construction, and interactive integration of different research methods. (3) existing research results show an imbalance in terms of themes, data, and methods. In the future, it is urgent to continue to explore and deepen the expansion of research themes, the fusion of big and small data, and the integration of multidisciplinary methods.

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A Literature Review of Sports Park Researches: Progress and Prospects
JIANG Yiyi, GAO Jie, GUO Jiaming, HUANG Xujia
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (4): 96-119.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.228
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Sports parks are key sports and leisure service facilities based on urban green space systems that play a pivotal role in enhancing the physical activity levels of individuals. This article scrutinizes the literature pertaining to sports parks within the Web of Science journal database, analyzing its research context, scholarly characteristics, scientific issues, and research trends by adopting analytical perspectives that consider the effects of sports parks, human-environment relationships, and other pertinent aspects. Additionally, it examines topics such as sports park planning and construction to provide theoretical and practical directions for high-quality research aimed at advancing the development of sports parks in the future.

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The Tourist Sensory Experience: A Research Review and Prospects
WU Xinyang, LIANG Xuecheng, SONG Hang
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 94-119.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.221
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Just as the senses are core tools in a human body’s ability to collect information, the tourist sensory experience plays an integral part of the tourist experience. The tourist sensory experience is formed by receiving stimuli from sensory organs and translating it into vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Although research on tourist sensory experiences has made some progress, there remains a lack of systematic discussion and outlook on this topic. So as to define the relevant concepts relating to a tourist’s sensory experience, this study systematically reviews the prevailing body of research in reference to the situation, content, and mechanism behind tourist sensory experiences. This study then proposes future research themes, including the refinement of the concept and measurement content, the exploration of the intrinsic formation mechanism of the tourist sensory experience, and the enrichment of sensory experiences of different tourism phases, multiple destinations, and differentiated tourist types, with the aim of enriching and enhancing the depth and breadth of the research on tourist sensory experiences.

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Rural Revitalization and Urban-Rural Integration from the Perspective of Tourism Philosophy
SUN Jiuxia, WANG Siya
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (6): 22-36.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.241
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The role of tourism as a catalyst for urban-rural integration has received considerable attention, but philosophical and value-based discussions in academia are lacking. At a time when tourism is more often presented as a commercialised form of existence, it is necessary to address the practical issues dominated by development discourse and reflect on the production of knowledge. This article takes a philosophical perspective on tourism, explaining the two ontologies of tourism as “tourism as commercialization” and “tourism as poetic dwelling”, further extending the author’s previous theoretical framework of “urban-rural circular restoration”. The author’s theoretical framework of “urban-rural circular restoration” is extended. In the ethical dimension of “goodness”, tourism development brings about the cultivation of subjectivity in the countryside and the restoration of alienation in the city; in the aesthetic dimension of “beauty”, tourism development brings about the cultural self-reliance of the countryside and the aesthetic liberation of the city. This article explores the process of urban-rural alienation to self-reliance in the context of tourism development and offers a philosophical consideration of the “comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization” proposed by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

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Tourismification of Rural Land Utilization: Theoretical Connotation, Effect Characteristics and Formation Mechanism
LUO Wenbin, LIU Yangjie
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (6): 37-58.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.240
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The tourismification of rural land utilization has become an increasingly common phenomenon in the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization. However, systematic theoretical research on the relationship between “tourismification and rural land utilization” needs to be urgently promoted both nationally and abroad. Based on literature review and the observation of land use transition in rural tourism development in China, first, this study proposes the concept of “tourismification of rural land utilization” and systematically interprets its connotation and extension. Second, it analyzes the effect of rural land tourism utilization from three aspects - local and whole, structure and function, and protection and development - and summarises that the development process has stages, multiple interest subjects and system complexity. Finally, by introducing the framework of “situation-structure-behaviour-result”, the article makes an in-depth analysis of the formation mechanism. The tourismification of rural land utilization is constrained by local conditions, values and institutional arrangements. It is jointly affected by both internal structures, which consist of land resource structure, interest subject structure, governance force structure, common interests and collective action, and behavioural decisions made by integrating the respective interests and common interests of the government, society, and farmers. The results of tourismification of rural land utilization have three aspects: multifunctional land use, high-quality tourism development and rural revitalization. This study aims to provide theoretical support for promoting the deep integration of rural tourism development and land use in the rural revitalization stage.

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Reflections on Several Controversial Issues on the Essence of Tourism
SUN Lin, CHEN Wuxiang
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (3): 23-36.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.225
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The essence of tourism is the most fundamental issue in tourism research and plays a crucial role in the discipline of tourism studies. However, academics have not reached a consensus on the nature of tourism, which has a restrictive impact on the definition of the concept of tourism and even on the independence of disciplinary development. Based on the literature review on the nature of tourism, this study discusses and speculates several controversial issues related to the nature of tourism in academic circles. Using multiple perspectives and academic definitions, this study puts forward the concept of “tourism is the experience of physical and mental freedom in places other than daily life, study, and work environments (namely, the non-customary environment) with leisure as the main purpose,” and holds that the essence of tourism is the experience of physical and mental freedom in a non-customary environment. The conclusion of this study is helpful for deepening the understanding of and reflecting on the key issues of tourism research, and is expected to provide a reference for the construction of the tourism discipline and for the healthy and sustainable development of tourism.

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The Effect of Tourism Development on the Efficiency of Urban Green Economy: A Discussion on the Regulatory Role of Industrial Structure and Technological Innovation
JI Yanlong, XIA Qing
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (3): 37-57.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.231
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Tourism, a typical representation of the green economy and quality services, is an effective way to improve the efficiency of the urban green economy. This study selected 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019 and used the GMM to empirically test the impact of tourism development on urban green economic efficiency based on the green economic efficiency of each city, measured using the EBM model. The results show that tourism development generally contributes to the improvement of urban green economic efficiency, and that this process presents an inverted U-shaped relationship. The heterogeneity of regions and the tourism economy scale show that the inverted U-shaped relationship only occurs in the east and west, and regions with a low tourism economy scales. Further research found that industrial structure upgraded and technological innovation strengthened the improvement effect of tourism development on green economic efficiency and played a significant positive regulatory role. This study provides an important practical basis for tourism development to improve the urban green economic efficiency.

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Research on the Resilience Increases of Families with Disabled Children by Tourism Volunteers from the Perspective of Leisure Activities
ZHANG Yan, DONG Xuewang, SUN Minghao
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (4): 76-95.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.229
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Families with disabled children (FWDC) bear considerable pressure to participate in leisure activities. In this study, 15 groups of FWDC who had been helped by tourism volunteers were interviewed about stress in leisure activities and feelings about interacting with volunteers. The results were as follows:1. Active participation in leisure activities can improve the resilience of FWDC; 2. Tourism volunteers can help FWDC have a new interpretation and cognition of stressful events during leisure activities. Therefore, the study concluded that (1) before participating in leisure activities, tourism volunteers should focus on cultivating their own personality traits to be open, pleasant, and responsible; and (2) in the process of participating in leisure activities, tourism volunteers should help FWDC with obstacles and pressure to be a “valuable experience” or “growth opportunity,” providing technical assistance to FWDC in terms of self-cognition, self-improvement, tourism demands, and social resources. Tourism volunteers should also help FWDC build resilience to have optimistic acceptance, a vision of the future, and the significance of adversity through communication, interaction, and emotional connections. The interview analysis also revealed many obstacles and problems in the actual operation process of tourism volunteers participating in the family leisure activities of children with disabilities. Establishing and improving the participation mechanisms of tourism volunteers and cultivating excellence are important tasks for future research. This study provides a new perspective on the significance of tourism volunteers' work.

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Research on the Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Tourism Flow Networks along the Grand Canals: Insights from Online Travelogues
SUN Yuanyuan, SHI Shaohua
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (5): 43-65.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.236
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Research on the structural characteristics and factors influencing tourism flow networks in cities along the Canal is of great significance to the development of canal tourism. This study extracts flow information from the online travelogues of tourists in 39 cities along the Canal to construct the tourism flow network. The social network analysis method (SNA) and exponential random graph model (ERGM) are used to analyze the structural characteristics of tourism flow networks, along with the common influences of different factors on the tourism flow network of cities along the Canal. By exploring the deep influence mechanism of the structural characteristics of tourism flow networks in Canal cities, we found that such networks result from a combination of factors. The results show that (1) tourism attraction leads to differences in the distribution of tourism flow frequency in cities along the Canal in the Yangtze River Delta region; (2) the capacity of tourism flow distribution is jointly affected by the level of economic development, urban accessibility, urban environmental quality, and urban tourism attractiveness; (3) the non-substitutability of core transit cities mainly stems from urban accessibility; and (4) the level of economic development is an important influencing factor in the formation of core-periphery structural characteristics. It is hoped that this paper will provide insights for the planning, management, and sustainable development of tourist flows in cities along the Canal.

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Relationship and Contract: Study on the Mechanism of Homestay Inn Enterprise’s Participation in Rural Multiple Synergetic Governance
XU Fengzeng, WANG Caicai, XI Wei, FENG Lili, ZHU Limin
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (6): 77-108.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.242
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Multiple synergetic governance is a mechanism through which various stakeholders in rural areas collaborate to handle rural public affairs and achieve effective governance. Rural enterprises play an essential role in participating in rural governance and becoming members of rural, multiple synergetic governance systems. To analyze the practical forms, evolutionary logic and governance mechanisms of rural enterprises participating in multiple synergetic governance, this study conducts a vertical single case analysis based on QS, a homestay inn enterprise in Shandong Province. It uses social embedding theory to analyze the development process of rural multiple synergetic governance and combine the dynamic causal relationship of “subject-embedded-action and interaction-object” in the process of enterprise participation in rural governance. The aim is to explain the relative changes in governance performance of relationship and contract governance mechanisms in different stages of enterprise participation in rural governance and their impact on the evolution of multiple synergetic governance. Theoretical and case studies have shown that the participation of QS in rural, multiple synergetic governance is constantly advancing with the stages, and its embedded governance mechanisms in rural areas are also undergoing dynamic evolution. This study establishes a social embedding analysis framework for the participation of rural homestay inn enterprises in rural governance. It reveals the dynamic adaptation patterns of relationship governance and contract governance in the evolution process of enterprise participation in rural governance, broadens the research perspective on rural governance and provides ideas for further promoting rural collaborative governance and achieving benign co-governance.

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Research on Beijing Residents’ Support for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games: Complex International Environmental Perception and Patriotic Sentiment
XU Zhongwei, BAO Beizeng
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (4): 53-75.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.223
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This paper examines whether residents’ support for large-scale events is influenced by individual emotional factors. The variable of “patriotic sentiment” is introduced to explore the relationship and mechanism between patriotic sentiment in complex international environments, perception of complex international environments and residents’ support. The research found that: (1) Patriotic sentiment is significantly positively correlated with residents’ support; (2) The perception of complex international environment plays a significant positive role in the relationship between patriotic sentiment and residents’ support; (3) When individuals are placed in national groups, when individuals’ perception of the complex international environment is enhanced, patriotic sentiment is strengthened, and residents’ support for large-scale events will be further improved.

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Tourists’ Nostalgia Perception and Its Influencing Factors of Huizhou Villages
LU Lin, CHEN Jieqi, BI Shanshan, XU Yan, CUI Jing, FANG Yebing
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2023, 7 (6): 59-76.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.239
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Traditional villages are the precious heritage of Chinese local culture, carrying Chinese excellent traditional culture, and are an important carrier of “retaining nostalgia”. Based on the cultural, emotional and memory characteristics of nostalgia, this study constructed a scale of nostalgia perception of Huizhou Village tourists, extracted five main factors, including landscape culture, regional culture, historical culture, nostalgia emotions and nostalgia memories, using SPSS software. Moreover, it analyzed the nostalgia perception of Huizhou Village tourists and explored its influencing factors. The results showed that the connotation of nostalgia was epochal. Modern nostalgia is a type of emotional recall and pursuit of a higher quality of life after satisfying material needs. Tourists’ nostalgia perception of Huizhou Village was mainly based on landscape culture. Tourists with different demographic characteristics, travel behaviour characteristics and living regions showed substantial differences in the perceptions of the different dimensions of nostalgia. Social, triggering and individual factors are important factors that affect tourists’ nostalgia perception. Traditional villages must protect and utilise their cultural characteristics and commonalities, build a rich symbolic system of nostalgia and improve the quality of tourism services to provide references for retaining and experiencing nostalgia.

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Do Rigorous and Disciplined Grounded Theory Research and Case Study
LI Bin, WANG Sha, WANG Jiexiang, LI Liang, YU Zhiyuan, GONG Yitong
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2024, 8 (1): 1-29.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.259
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Qualitative research methods, represented by grounded theory and case study, are becoming increasingly common in tourism management and business administration research. However, there are still numerous controversies over and uncertainty regarding the essential characteristics, evaluation criteria, and key steps in the process of applying them. This study analyzes how to effectively utilize the grounded theory and case study method and arrives at the following conclusions: (1) The primary characteristics of high-quality qualitative and case study methods are as follows: The research design has high credibility and reliability; the selection of samples and cases should match the research question and research paradigm; the data analysis process should be rigorous and standardized; the theoretical construction should be based on the balance point of “optimal distinction;” and attention should be paid to the uniqueness of the research method when writing essays. (2) Deep reflection is needed among academics on the connotation of grounded theory, while avoiding four typical misunderstandings, and relevant strategies and suggestions for core issues, such as theoretical sampling, coding skills, and reliability and validity testing, should be propounded. (3) Increasing attention has been paid to the standardization of the data analysis of grounded theory, especially to the description and display of the coding process in the essays. However, noteworthily, coding is not performed for the sake of coding itself, and only “continuous comparison” and reasonable interpretation form the core of data analysis. (4) The case study’s data analysis and theoretical construction constitute the logical chain of “data-concept-concept relationships theory,” which includes the following two stages: The first stage proceeds from data to concept—that is, the case data are compressed and abstracted to be associated with the relevant concept. The second stage entails the conceptual relationships and their theoretical explanation—that is, logically linking these concepts, describing the pattern of case phenomena, and explaining their underlying mechanisms. (5) Case studies are conducive to revealing theoretical mechanisms and constructing new theories, and the quality of case studies can be effectively enhanced by selecting matching data processing methods. Per the different types of theories, case studies can be divided into both process and factor theories, which are suitable for different research designs and data processing methods.

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Research on Multiple Paths to the Integrated Development of Culture and Tourism: Configuration Analysis Based on the “Demand-Supply-Support” Framework
ZHA Jianping, LI Cheng, TAN Ting, HE Lamei, XU Dandan
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2024, 8 (1): 30-59.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.246
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The integration of culture and tourism industries is an inevitable requirement for the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry, and it is also inherently essential to compensate for the weaknesses of tourism development and promote its transformation and upgrading. This study uses the coupling coordination model to assess the development level of cultural and tourism integration in 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2010 to 2019, and then introduces the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the development path of cultural and tourism integration in China based on the driving conditions of demand, supply, and support. The results reveal the following: (1) The overall development level of China’s cultural tourism industry has improved in the 2010-2019 period, but great regional heterogeneity exists in different regions. (2) From the perspective of the overall development path of culture and tourism in China, demand and support are important conditions, whereas residents’ consumption power and regional transportation play a particularly prominent role. (3) Significant differences exist in the development paths of the eastern, central, and western regions. The development of the eastern region is predominantly driven by demand combined with support, whereas the development of the central region is boosted by support and demand separately; meanwhile, the development of the western region is driven by both demand and demand-support. The results indicate that local governments should pay attention to synergizing the multiple conditions of supply, demand, and support; effectively adjust the strategy for cultural tourism development considering local conditions; and improve the targeted core driving capacity to break the bottlenecks of the development.

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Research on the Mechanism of Time-Limited Promotion on Consumers’ Intention to Purchase in Tourism Livestreaming Marketing from the Perspective of Counterfactual Thinking
WANG Yuchen
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2024, 8 (1): 60-81.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.237
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Time-limited promotion—as a conditional promotion model—has become an important means to improve the marketing effect of tourism live streaming. However, few studies have focused on the time-limited promotion of tourism live streaming. To compensate for the lack of relevant research and explore the influence mechanism of time-limited promotion on consumers’ real-time purchase decisions in tourism live streaming, this study analyzes the subject matter through two scenario experiments based on goal-oriented behavior theory and from the perspective of counterfactual thinking. The results indicate the following; First, the time-limited promotion of live streaming can directly stimulate consumers’ intention to purchase, and the time-limited discount is a more effective marketing means than the time-limited giveaway. Second, when consumers engage in strong upward counterfactual thinking, the time-limited promotion of tourism live streaming can induce their anticipated regrets, thereby reducing their intention of immediate purchase. Third, when consumers engage in strong downward counterfactual thinking, the time-limited promotion of tourism live streaming can induce their regret of anticipated inaction, thus enhancing their intention of immediate purchase. This study’s findings reveal the duality of the time-limited promotion of tourism live streaming, enrich the relevant research on marketing through tourism live streaming, and enlighten tourism enterprises to adopt online promotion measures rationally.

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A Review of the Research on Contactless Services in Tourism and Hospitality
LIU Chun, LU Ximing, ZHAO Qi
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2024, 8 (1): 104-131.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.233
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With the rapid development of technology, contactless services have gradually become an important emerging phenomenon in the field of tourism and hospitality consumption. This study aims to systematically and comprehensively examine the research progress of contactless services. Based on a comprehensive review of existing literature in English and Chinese, this paper: (1) presented the types of contact-free services and a summary of published papers; and (2) identified four types of research focus and provided a detailed report for the progress for each research theme: ①antecedents, experience and outcomes of consumers’ use of contactless services, ②antecedents and outcomes of organizations’ use of contactless services, ③service failure and recovery, and ④ literature review. Finally, the paper put forward fruitful directions for advancing the current understanding of contactless service.

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Research on Soundscape Quality Optimization of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt Based on Soundscape Preference: A Case Study of Li Canal Cultural Corridor
ZHANG Yi, CUI Jianzhou
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects    2024, 8 (1): 82-103.   DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.245
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Soundscape plays an important role in heritage sites, ecological environments, and public recreational spaces. As the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (GCCB) is a multi-complex space involving cultural heritage, ecological protection, and recreational utilization, it is necessary to conduct studies on its soundscape. This study selects Li Canal Cultural Corridor and conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the pattern of people’s preferences for the soundscape of GCCB and proposes suggestions for improving the soundscape quality based on the P-F model analysis. The analysis results of 225 valid samples indicate that people’s preference for canal soundscape presents a special pattern: The unique canal sound is most preferred, followed by the sound of hustle and bustle, while the most negative sound is the disturbing noises. The preference for sounds unique to the canal culture and local features of specific canal sections is greater than that for mundane sounds, and the preference for sounds that arouse historical nostalgia is greater than that for sounds reflecting the mundane life. The qualitative analysis results indicate that the formation of this model stems from people’s need for emotional satisfaction and the construction of their canal memory. Additionally, age, local or non-local resident status, and frequency of visit all exert significant effects of varying degrees on the preference for the canal soundscape. According to the results of the canal soundscape preference model and P-F analysis, managers are recommended to further explore and reproduce the unique sounds of the canal, improve the sound of canal life, and design specific sound elements both forwardly and inversely.

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