标准化对旅游业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于创业活跃度的调节效应

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.284

旅游导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (2): 60-79.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.284

标准化对旅游业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于创业活跃度的调节效应

王彧, 戴亿坤(), 王艳如, 孙晓洋

中南财经政法大学工商管理学院湖北武汉 430073

收稿日期:2024-04-12 修回日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-05-07
通讯作者: 戴亿坤（2000— ），男，湖南邵阳人，中南财经政法大学硕士研究生，研究方向为技术经济及管理，E-mail：1544241386@qq.com
作者简介:王彧（1968— ），女，河北衡水人，博士，中南财经政法大学副教授，研究方向为技术经济及管理、标准化管理；
王艳如（2001— ），女，安徽六安人，中南财经政法大学硕士研究生，研究方向为技术经济及管理；
孙晓洋（1999— ），男，山东青岛人，中南财经政法大学硕士研究生，研究方向为旅游管理。
基金资助:
湖北省高校专业与标准化教育融合试点建设项目（项目编号：鄂市监标函〔2023〕102(鄂市监标函〔2023〕102);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项研究生科研创新平台项目(202511351)

The Impact of Standardization on Tourism Total Factor Productivity: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity

WANG Yu, DAI Yikun(), WANG Yanru, SUN Xiaoyang

School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China

Received:2024-04-12 Revised:2024-12-20 Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

标准化是提升全要素生产率、推动高质量发展的有力工具。本文以旅游业标准化试点政策作为一项准自然实验，运用DEA-Malmquist方法对我国2006年至2019年240个地级市的旅游业全要素生产率进行测算，并借助多期双重差分模型评估旅游业标准化建设对旅游全要素生产率所产生的影响。研究结果表明旅游标准化建设显著提升了城市的旅游业全要素生产率，且其作用的发挥更多依托于技术进步，本文运用PSM-DID、合成双重差分、安慰剂检验等多种方法证实了这一结论的可靠性。在进一步分析后，发现创业活跃度在旅游标准化与旅游业全要素生产率的关系中呈现倒U形调节作用，并且旅游标准化对经济欠发达地区、旅游资源禀赋欠佳以及市场信用较差的城市助力效果更为显著。本研究为旅游业标准化的提质增效作用提供了新的经验证据。

关键词: 旅游标准化; 旅游业全要素生产率; 双重差分; 旅游创业活跃度

Abstract:

Standardization serves as a crucial instrument for enhancing total factor productivity and driving high-quality development. Using the staggered implementation of tourism standardization pilot programs as a quasi-natural experiment, this study employs the DEA-Malmquist index to measure tourism total factor productivity across 240 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019. A multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model is then applied to assess the impact of these standardization initiatives on tourism total factor productivity. The results demonstrate that tourism standardization significantly improves total factor productivity within the tourism sector, primarily through technological advancements. The robustness of these findings is validated using propensity score matching DID (PSM-DID), synthetic DID, and placebo tests. Further analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped moderating effect of entrepreneurial activity on the relationship between tourism standardization and total factor productivity. Moreover, the positive effects of standardization are amplified in cities with underdeveloped economies, limited tourism resources, and weak market credit. This study provides novel empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of tourism standardization in enhancing both quality and efficiency within the tourism industry.

Keywords: tourism standardization; tourism total factor productivity; difference-in-differences; tourism entrepreneurial activity

中图分类号:

王彧, 戴亿坤, 王艳如, 孙晓洋. 标准化对旅游业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于创业活跃度的调节效应[J]. 旅游导刊, 2025, 9(2): 60-79.

WANG Yu, DAI Yikun, WANG Yanru, SUN Xiaoyang. The Impact of Standardization on Tourism Total Factor Productivity: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2025, 9(2): 60-79.

图/表 9

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类别 Category	指标名称 Indicator	具体指标 Specific indicator	计算方法 Calculation method
投入要素 Input factor	资本	旅游固定资产	固定资产投资×旅游总收入/GDP（平减）
	劳动	旅游从业人数	城市第三产业从业人数×省旅游从业人数/第三产业从业人数
	资源	旅游资源丰裕度	4A景区数×1+5A景区数×1.5
产出要素 Output factor	产值	旅游总收入	国内旅游收入+国际旅游收入（平减）
产出要素 Output factor	规模	旅游总人数	国内旅游接待人次+国外旅游接待人次

类别 Category	指标名称 Indicator	具体指标 Specific indicator	计算方法 Calculation method
投入要素 Input factor	资本	旅游固定资产	固定资产投资×旅游总收入/GDP（平减）
	劳动	旅游从业人数	城市第三产业从业人数×省旅游从业人数/第三产业从业人数
	资源	旅游资源丰裕度	4A景区数×1+5A景区数×1.5
产出要素 Output factor	产值	旅游总收入	国内旅游收入+国际旅游收入（平减）
产出要素 Output factor	规模	旅游总人数	国内旅游接待人次+国外旅游接待人次

变量 Variable	变量符号 Symbol	观测值 Observation	均值 Mean	标准差 Std.	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.
被解释变量 Dependent variable	TTFP	3 360	1.111	0.516	0.155	4.503
核心解释变量 Independent variable	STA	3 360	0.120	0.325	0.000	1.000
控制变量 Control variables	ECO	3 360	10.238	0.66	7.913	12.836
	FDI	3 360	0.019	0.019	0.000	0.199
	INF	3 360	0.769	0.362	0.016	4.570
	EDU	3 360	0.018	0.024	0.000	0.172
	INT	3 360	17.785	17.68	0.360	189.019
	STR	3 360	0.906	0.464	0.094	4.932
调节变量 Moderating variable	ENT	3 360	9.770	11.252	0.126	138.616

变量 Variable	变量符号 Symbol	观测值 Observation	均值 Mean	标准差 Std.	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.
被解释变量 Dependent variable	TTFP	3 360	1.111	0.516	0.155	4.503
核心解释变量 Independent variable	STA	3 360	0.120	0.325	0.000	1.000
控制变量 Control variables	ECO	3 360	10.238	0.66	7.913	12.836
	FDI	3 360	0.019	0.019	0.000	0.199
	INF	3 360	0.769	0.362	0.016	4.570
	EDU	3 360	0.018	0.024	0.000	0.172
	INT	3 360	17.785	17.68	0.360	189.019
	STR	3 360	0.906	0.464	0.094	4.932
调节变量 Moderating variable	ENT	3 360	9.770	11.252	0.126	138.616

变量 Variable	因变量旅游全要素生产率（1）	因变量旅游全要素生产率（2）	因变量旅游全要素生产率（3）	因变量旅游全要素生产率（4）
变量 Variable	TTFP(1)	TTFP(2)	TTFP(3)	TTFP(4)
STA	0.349 9^*** (0.049 1)	0.155 3^*** (0.051 0)	0.105 9^*** (0.025 4)	0.107 8^*** (0.024 6)
ECO		0.181 9^*** (0.040 7)		-0.158 8^*** (0.044 5)
FDI		0.051 4 (0.877 8)		0.862 3^* (0.480 0)
INF		-0.194 1^*** (0.054 9)		-0.309 9^*** (0.037 5)
EDU		-1.336 3 (1.608 8)		2.538 4^*** (0.969 6)
INT		0.004 9^*** (0.001 4)		-0.000 6 (0.000 6)
STR		0.311 5^*** (0.057 1)		0.016 1 (0.034 5)
常数项	1.069 0^*** (0.0238)	-0.965 0^** (0.386 4)	1.098 4^*** (0.005 6)	2.895 2^*** (0.462 6)
年份固定效应	否	否	是	是
城市固定效应	否	否	是	是
观测值	3 360	3 360	3 360	3 360
R²	0.067 2	0.234 4	0.696 6	0.717 5

标准化对旅游业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于创业活跃度的调节效应

The Impact of Standardization on Tourism Total Factor Productivity: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity

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Metrics

变量 Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
变量 Variable	改变TTFP要素Alter TTFP factor	滞后一期回归Lag one-year	剔除省会城市 Exclude provincial capital	控制并行政策Control the policy
STA	0.278 3^*** (0.099 3)		0.127 9^*** (0.028 0)	0.107 9^*** (0.024 7)
L.STA		0.097 4^*** (0.025 6)
控制变量	是	是	是	是
年份固定效应	是	是	是	是
城市固定效应	是	是	是	是
观测值	3 360	3 120	2 926	3 360
R²	0.712 7	0.744 0	0.719 8	0.717 4

变量 Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
变量 Variable	Heckman两阶段Heckman two-stage	PSM（最近邻匹配） PSM (1∶2)	PSM (核匹配) PSM(kernel)	合成双重差分 SDID
STA	0.070 3^*** (0.024 2)	0.064 0^** (0.027 5)	0.084 3^*** (0.025 8)	0.089 2^** (0.044 5)
控制变量	是	是	是	是
年份固定效应	是	是	是	是
城市固定效应	是	是	是	是
观测值	3 360	2 014	3 178	3 360
R²		0.735 9	0.724 3

变量 Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
变量 Variable	一、二线 Tier 1&2 cities	三线以下 Other cities	资源较高 High resource level	资源较低 Low resource level	信用较好 Good credit	信用较差 Poor credit
STA	0.086 5^** (0.038 0)	0.107 7^*** (0.029 3)	0.064 2^** (0.030 8)	0.145 1^*** (0.041 3)	0.113 4^*** (0.033 0)	0.129 5^*** (0.034 5)
控制变量	是	是	是	是	是	是
年份固定效应	是	是	是	是	是	是
城市固定效应	是	是	是	是	是	是
观测值	602	2 758	1 372	1 988	2 310	1 050
R²	0.753 1	0.716 0	0.766 3	0.686 6	0.723 6	0.724 1