旅游发展如何影响城市绿色经济效率——兼论产业结构、技术创新的调节作用

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游业作为绿色经济与品质化服务业的典型代表，是城市绿色经济效率提升的有效途径。本文选取2006—2019年我国279个地级及以上城市作为研究样本，在使用EBM模型测算各城市绿色经济效率基础上，采用系统GMM方法实证检验旅游发展对城市绿色经济效率的影响。研究发现：旅游发展总体上有助于城市绿色经济效率提升，这一过程呈现倒U形特点；地区与旅游经济规模异质性表明，倒U形关系仅出现在东部、西部以及低旅游经济规模地区；产业结构升级、技术创新会强化旅游发展的绿色经济效率提升效应，发挥显著的正向调节作用。本研究为旅游发展驱动城市绿色经济效率提升提供了重要的现实依据。

关键词: 旅游发展; 绿色经济效率; GMM; 产业结构升级; 技术创新

Abstract:

Tourism, a typical representation of the green economy and quality services, is an effective way to improve the efficiency of the urban green economy. This study selected 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019 and used the GMM to empirically test the impact of tourism development on urban green economic efficiency based on the green economic efficiency of each city, measured using the EBM model. The results show that tourism development generally contributes to the improvement of urban green economic efficiency, and that this process presents an inverted U-shaped relationship. The heterogeneity of regions and the tourism economy scale show that the inverted U-shaped relationship only occurs in the east and west, and regions with a low tourism economy scales. Further research found that industrial structure upgraded and technological innovation strengthened the improvement effect of tourism development on green economic efficiency and played a significant positive regulatory role. This study provides an important practical basis for tourism development to improve the urban green economic efficiency.

Keywords: tourism development; green economic efficiency; GMM; industrial structure upgrade; technological innovation

中图分类号:

冀雁龙, 夏青. 旅游发展如何影响城市绿色经济效率——兼论产业结构、技术创新的调节作用[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(3): 37-57.

JI Yanlong, XIA Qing. The Effect of Tourism Development on the Efficiency of Urban Green Economy: A Discussion on the Regulatory Role of Industrial Structure and Technological Innovation[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(3): 37-57.

图/表 9

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目标层 Goal layer	维度层 Dimensional layer	因子层 Factor layer	指标层 Indicator layer
绿色经济效率 Green economic efficiency	非资源投入	劳动投入	全市年末单位从业人数（万人）规模以上工业企业数（个）
	非资源投入	资本投入	固定资产投资（亿元）
	资源投入	能源投入	供气总量（万立方米）供水总量（万立方米）用电总量（亿千瓦时）
	土地投入	土地投入	城市建设用地面积（万平方公里）
	期望产出	经济产出	城市绿地面积（万平方公里）国内生产总值（亿元）
	非期望产出	废水排放	工业废水排放量（万吨）
		废气排放	工业二氧化硫排放量（万吨）
		固体废弃物排放	工业固体废弃物排放量（万吨）

目标层 Goal layer	维度层 Dimensional layer	因子层 Factor layer	指标层 Indicator layer
绿色经济效率 Green economic efficiency	非资源投入	劳动投入	全市年末单位从业人数（万人）规模以上工业企业数（个）
	非资源投入	资本投入	固定资产投资（亿元）
	资源投入	能源投入	供气总量（万立方米）供水总量（万立方米）用电总量（亿千瓦时）
	土地投入	土地投入	城市建设用地面积（万平方公里）
	期望产出	经济产出	城市绿地面积（万平方公里）国内生产总值（亿元）
	非期望产出	废水排放	工业废水排放量（万吨）
		废气排放	工业二氧化硫排放量（万吨）
		固体废弃物排放	工业固体废弃物排放量（万吨）

变量类型 Variable type	变量符号 Variable symbol	变量名称 Variable name	样本数 Sample number	代理变量 Proxy variable	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard
被解释变量 Explained variables	gee	绿色经济效率	3 906	城市旅游经济效率	1.029 1	1.991 6
解释变量 Explanatory variables	tour	旅游发展	3 906	人均旅游总收入	0.694 1	0.905 6
控制变量 Control variables	pgdp	经济发展	3 906	人均GDP	4.268 3	3.238 6
	fdi	外商投资	3 906	外商直接投资总额	7.992 5	19.277 2
	fin	金融发展	3 906	金融机构存款与贷款余额之和	5.751 9	14.121 6
	evn	环境规制	3 906	工业固定废弃物综合利用率	0.802 0	22.680 1
调节变量 Regulated variables	ind	产业结构	3 906	第二产业增加值占GDP比重	0.484 9	11.965 0
调节变量 Regulated variables	tech	技术创新	3 906	科技支出	2.966 7	11.548 6

变量类型 Variable type	变量符号 Variable symbol	变量名称 Variable name	样本数 Sample number	代理变量 Proxy variable	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard
被解释变量 Explained variables	gee	绿色经济效率	3 906	城市旅游经济效率	1.029 1	1.991 6
解释变量 Explanatory variables	tour	旅游发展	3 906	人均旅游总收入	0.694 1	0.905 6
控制变量 Control variables	pgdp	经济发展	3 906	人均GDP	4.268 3	3.238 6
	fdi	外商投资	3 906	外商直接投资总额	7.992 5	19.277 2
	fin	金融发展	3 906	金融机构存款与贷款余额之和	5.751 9	14.121 6
	evn	环境规制	3 906	工业固定废弃物综合利用率	0.802 0	22.680 1
调节变量 Regulated variables	ind	产业结构	3 906	第二产业增加值占GDP比重	0.484 9	11.965 0
调节变量 Regulated variables	tech	技术创新	3 906	科技支出	2.966 7	11.548 6

变量 Variable	gee （1）	gee （2）	gee （3）	gee （4）
gee	-0.100 5*** （0.023 6）	-0.137 9** （0.071 2）	-0.101 2*** （0.024 2）	-0.134 1* （0.080 7）
tour	0.017 8** （0.007 0）	0.540 0* （0.297 6）	0.160 9*** （0.056 1）	0.741 6* （0.535 6）
tour²			-0.061 2** （0.026 4）	-0.056 1 （0.195 9）
控制变量	未控制	控制	未控制	控制
cons	1.152 5*** （0.025 1）	-1.798 3 （1.852 3）	1.196 7*** （0.032 5）	-2.330 9 （2.294 6）
Hansen-p值	0.105 0	0.853 0	0.773 0	0.813 0
AR（2）-p值	0.352 0	0.207 0	0.963 0	0.359 0