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旅游导刊 ›› 2021, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3): 1-37.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.168

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

文化距离何以影响旅游者?——文献反思与研究展望

王佳果1,2(),郑密1,黄琼慧3,吴忠军1,2   

  1. 1.桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院 广西桂林 541004
    2.广西旅游产业研究院 广西桂林 541004
    3.云南大学民族学与社会学学院 云南昆明 650091
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-01 修回日期:2021-03-11 出版日期:2021-06-30 发布日期:2021-07-14
  • 作者简介:王佳果(1983— ),男,河南南阳人,博士,桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院助理研究员,研究方向:民族旅游、旅游人类学。E-mail: 6616063@glut.edu.cn|郑 密(1997— ),女,四川内江人,桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院硕士研究生,研究方向:旅游规划与管理。|黄琼慧(1997— ),女,广西北海人,云南大学民族学与社会学学院硕士研究生,研究方向:民族旅游。|吴忠军(1965— ),男,广西桂林人,博士,桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向:民族旅游、旅游规划与管理。

How Does Cultural Distance Affect Tourists? Literature Review and Research Prospects

WANG Jiaguo1,2(),ZHENG Mi1,HUANG Qionghui3,WU Zhongjun1,2

  1. 1. College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    2. Guangxi Tourism Industry Research Institute, Guilin 541004, China
    3. College of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
  • Received:2020-09-01 Revised:2021-03-11 Online:2021-06-30 Published:2021-07-14

摘要:

文化距离对旅游者的影响是一个新兴的重要议题,已积累了相当数量的研究文献,但学界对此议题缺乏系统全面的回顾和反思。本研究主要围绕文化距离的构念测量、影响环节、解释理论等方面进行文献梳理分析,结果发现:(1)旅游文化距离研究主要有两大理论来源,分别是跨文化管理领域基于群体价值观念差异的文化距离研究和跨文化交流领域基于个体主观感知差异的文化距离研究,前者对旅游研究影响大,后者开始受到旅游学界重视;(2)旅游情境下的文化距离是一个颇有潜力的研究议题,在国际旅游研究方面已积累了较为丰富的实证研究成果;(3)由于缺乏适宜的构念测量、系统的研究框架和有效的解释理论,在不同旅游情境下,文化距离到底对旅游者有何种影响、以何种机制对哪些行为环节产生影响等问题尚无清晰结论。为此,本文在现有研究的基础上提出TPCD构念定义和文化距离影响旅游者行为的研究框架,并指出未来研究的若干方向,以期为今后的理论研究和产业实践提供有益思路。

关键词: 文化距离; 感知文化距离; 文献综述; 旅游者行为

Abstract:

The influence of cultural distance on tourists' behavior is an emerging and important research topic, and a considerable amount of research literature has appeared. Nevertheless, researchers have neglected to offer a systematic and comprehensive review and reflection on this topic. This paper reviews and analyzes the construct measurement, influence mechanism, interpretation theory, and other aspects. The results suggest: (1) There are two different orientations in the study of cultural distance in tourism research—one based on the differences of collective values in the domain of cross-cultural management, the other on individual subjective perception in the field of cross-cultural communication. The former has a great influence on tourism research, and tourism academia has recently begun to attach importance to the research on perceived cultural distance. (2) Cultural distance in the background of tourism is a huge potential research direction that has accumulated abundant empirical research in the field of transnational tourism. (3) The lack of appropriate measurement of the construct, systematic research framework, and effective interpretation theory has prevented clear conclusions on the kind of influence cultural distance has on tourists and the kind of mechanism affecting aspects of behavior in different tourists' activity. Therefore, based on existing research, this paper offers a construct definition of tourists' perceived cultural distance (TPCD) and a conceptual research framework that describes the influence of cultural distance on tourists' behavior, pointing out some major directions for future research and providing useful ideas and contributions for future theoretical research and industry development.

Keywords: cultural distance; perceived cultural distance; literature review; tourists' behavior