玩也可以是认真的吗?——国外游憩专业化研究述评

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

休闲游憩是满足居民美好生活需要的重要方式,虽然近年来国内有关休闲游憩主题的研究成果不断涌现,然而对于游憩专业化的讨论明显滞后,因此本文梳理和总结国外相关研究文献以期为国内研究提供有益参考。对“Web of Science核心合集数据库”检索到的文献成果从内容和方法角度进行全面分析发现：（1）国外在20世纪70年代就已提出游憩专业化议题及测量指标,之后经大量实证研究予以补充和完善。（2）研究方法由定性向定性与定量相结合、单一化向多元化、简便化向复杂化转变,尤其以结构方程模型为代表的社会统计方法近年来应用广泛。（3）从群体类型和活动属性两个层面予以区分并展开游憩专业化研究。（4）研究内容聚焦于概念讨论、维度测量及应用、与相关议题的关系、个体行为及社会影响等方面。本文最后给出了国内游憩专业化后续研究的相关建议。

关键词: 游憩专业化; 测量维度; 深度休闲; 畅爽体验; 地方依恋

Abstract:

Recreation specialization is a measure of the level of recreation participation, which can reflect the degree of satisfaction obtained from recreational experiences. While foreign academic circles have formed a relatively sound theoretical framework, studying and summarizing foreign literature can provide a useful reference for domestic research.
Through a comprehensive analysis, it is found that: (1) Foreign scholars have already put forward the topic of recreation specialization and measurement indicators in the 1970s, which have since been supplemented and improved upon by a large number of empirical studies. (2) The research methods are changing, from qualitative to a combination of qualitative and quantitative, from singularity to pluralism, and from simplicity to complexity. (3) Foreign scholars distinguish between group types and activity attributes to conduct research on recreational specialization. (4) The research focuses on concept discussion, measurement dimension and application, relationship with related issues, individual behavior, and social impact.
Based on China's national conditions, this paper proposes the following research suggestions. Firstly, we should pay due attention to and vigorously expand the research fields and achievements related to recreational specialization. Secondly, on the basis of the foreign conceptual framework, we should test the applicability of recreational activities in combination with the situation of recreational activities in China, and revise and complete them. At the same time, we should carry out specialized research on different activities and groups, focusing on the impact mechanism of recreation specialization. Finally, diversified research methods should be used to conduct interdisciplinary and multi-angle theoretical review and systematic analysis.

Keywords: recreation specialization; measurement dimension; serious leisure; flow experience; place attachment

中图分类号:

刘松, 楼嘉军. 玩也可以是认真的吗?——国外游憩专业化研究述评[J]. 旅游导刊, 2019, 3(6): 64-82.

Song LIU, Jiajun LOU. Can We Play Seriously? A literature Review of Recreation Specialization[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(6): 64-82.

图/表 4

参考文献 74

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序号	来源出版物	篇数	占比（%）	序号	国家/地区	篇数	占比（%）
1	Leisure Sciences	59	32.78	1	美国	106	58.89
2	Journal of Leisure Research	41	22.78	2	加拿大	32	17.78
3	Environment Management	9	5.00	3	澳大利亚	20	11.11
序号	机构	篇数	占比（%）	序号	作者	篇数	占比（%）
1	Texas A&M University System	62	34.44	1	Scott D	17	9.44
2	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education	29	16.11	2	Oh C O	14	7.78
3	Clemson University	18	10.00	3	Ditton R B	10	5.56

序号	来源出版物	篇数	占比（%）	序号	国家/地区	篇数	占比（%）
1	Leisure Sciences	59	32.78	1	美国	106	58.89
2	Journal of Leisure Research	41	22.78	2	加拿大	32	17.78
3	Environment Management	9	5.00	3	澳大利亚	20	11.11
序号	机构	篇数	占比（%）	序号	作者	篇数	占比（%）
1	Texas A&M University System	62	34.44	1	Scott D	17	9.44
2	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education	29	16.11	2	Oh C O	14	7.78
3	Clemson University	18	10.00	3	Ditton R B	10	5.56

活动	作者及年份	活动	作者及年份
激流皮划艇	Wellman et al.,1982;Kuentzel & McDonald,1992;Ewert & Hollenhorst,1994;Bricker & Kerstetter,2000	观鸟和野生动物观赏	McFarlane,1994;McFarlane & Boxall,1996;Lee & Scott,2004/2006/2013;Scott & Lee,2010;Miller,Hallo & Sharp,et al.,2014
划船和帆船运动	Donnelly,Vaske & Graefe,1986;Kuentzel & Heberlein,1997;Cottrell,Graefe & Confer,2004;Kuentzel & Heberlein,2006;Jett,Thapa B & Ko,2009;Beardmore,2015	垂钓	Ditton,Loomis & Choi,1992;Fisher,1997;Salz & Loomis,2005;Oh & Ditton,2006;Morgan & Soucy,2009;Galloway,2012;Beardmore,Haider & Hunt,2013;Sutton & Oh,2015
打猎	Kuentzel & Heberlein,1992;Miller & Graefe,2000;Needham,Vaske & Donnelly,et al.,2007;Needham & Vaske,2013;Schroeder,Fulton & Lawrence,et al.,2013	徒步和背包旅行	Virden & Schreyer,1988;Shafer & Hammit,1995;Jun,Kyle & Graefe,et al.,2015
潜水	Thapa,Graefe & Meyer,2006;Sorice,Oh & Ditton,2009;Anderson & Loomis,2012	露营	McIntyre & Pigram,1992;McFarlane,2004
骑乘	Waight & Bath,2014	荒地游憩	Schreyer & Beaulieu,1986
攀岩	Ewert & Hollenhorst,1994	滑雪	Won,Bang & Shonk,2008
极限飞盘	Kerins,Scott & Shafer,2007	合约桥牌	Scott & Godbey,1994
在线游戏	Wu,Scott & Yang,2013

活动	作者及年份	活动	作者及年份
激流皮划艇	Wellman et al.,1982;Kuentzel & McDonald,1992;Ewert & Hollenhorst,1994;Bricker & Kerstetter,2000	观鸟和野生动物观赏	McFarlane,1994;McFarlane & Boxall,1996;Lee & Scott,2004/2006/2013;Scott & Lee,2010;Miller,Hallo & Sharp,et al.,2014
划船和帆船运动	Donnelly,Vaske & Graefe,1986;Kuentzel & Heberlein,1997;Cottrell,Graefe & Confer,2004;Kuentzel & Heberlein,2006;Jett,Thapa B & Ko,2009;Beardmore,2015	垂钓	Ditton,Loomis & Choi,1992;Fisher,1997;Salz & Loomis,2005;Oh & Ditton,2006;Morgan & Soucy,2009;Galloway,2012;Beardmore,Haider & Hunt,2013;Sutton & Oh,2015
打猎	Kuentzel & Heberlein,1992;Miller & Graefe,2000;Needham,Vaske & Donnelly,et al.,2007;Needham & Vaske,2013;Schroeder,Fulton & Lawrence,et al.,2013	徒步和背包旅行	Virden & Schreyer,1988;Shafer & Hammit,1995;Jun,Kyle & Graefe,et al.,2015
潜水	Thapa,Graefe & Meyer,2006;Sorice,Oh & Ditton,2009;Anderson & Loomis,2012	露营	McIntyre & Pigram,1992;McFarlane,2004
骑乘	Waight & Bath,2014	荒地游憩	Schreyer & Beaulieu,1986
攀岩	Ewert & Hollenhorst,1994	滑雪	Won,Bang & Shonk,2008
极限飞盘	Kerins,Scott & Shafer,2007	合约桥牌	Scott & Godbey,1994
在线游戏	Wu,Scott & Yang,2013