Targeted poverty alleviation on rural tourism is always considered as one of poverty alleviation through industry development. It depends on external resources or capital to realize the poverty alleviation, disregard to the rural value itself, which causes targeted poverty alleviation to dissembled from the countryside and the industry could not take root with the poverty alleviation superficiality as a result. As a gene pool of farming civilization,the countryside is the basic space of targeted poverty alleviation on rural tourism. It plays an irreplaceable role in cultural value. The paper believed that the path totargeted poverty alleviationon rural tourism is to have the concept of sustainable livelihood, regard the rural value as background, set the culture protection, poverty alleviation, revenue sharing and space equality as goals and assistant with inner motive and external power, then the rural value may be embedded into targeted poverty alleviation, optimize the rural ecosystem, the embedding industry can be cultivated and the rural community will liven up combined with rural cultural form and rural spatial form. As a result, the countryside can rejuvenate itself.

Rural B&B‘s environmentally-friendly features not only can help them reduce operating costs, but also can help them comply with the market demand for the protection of natural and cultural resources. By reviewing the related research on the tourism industry and the environmentally-friendly features, we found that most of the studies tend to take the enterprise as the research object, and study the natural environmentally-friendly features, less research has been examined on the consumer attitudes and socio-cultural environmentally-friendly features from the view of consumer. To explore the relationship between rural B&B’s environmentally-friendly features and consumer purchase intention, questionnaire survey was used to gather the primary data, and statistical analysis was carried out,collecting a total of 343 questionnaires; meanwhile, 26 provincial-level 227 rural B&B total of 541 effective network commentary as a secondary data that were collected from rural B&B’s online reviews were analyzed by content analysis. The result shows: 1) rural B&B’s environmentally-friendly features are positively correlated with consumer purchase intention. 2) socio-cultural environmentally-friendly features play a more important role in consumers’ decision making, and socio-cultural environmentally-friendly will be significantly improved consumer purchase intention; 3) different environmentally-friendly features have different impact on consumer purchase intention. The protection of local culture, community-involvement and host-guest interaction, advocacy of environmentally-friendly are the top 3 important impacts.

UGC (User Generated Content), including the social network photos, has been widely adopted in tourism marketing and travel destination image (TDI) research. However, the analysis of large-scale UGC requires some computer technical support, which builds an apparent barrier for ordinary tourism researchers. This paper proposes and implements a general Photo-based Metadata Mining System, named PMMS, aiming to provide a general analysis platform for massive UGC photos. PMMS provides 4 functions to serve the tourism and travel research: (1) Point of Interest (POI) analysis; (2) tourists historical comparison; (3) tourists' movement analysis; and (4) destination image perception based on photos. In POI analysis, the geographic information embedded inside the photos’ metadata are extracted and visualized using some Arc GIS tools to achieve the distribution of the points of interest at the destination. In tourists’ historical comparison, photos are visualized through their taken time and geographic information, and then a time-line based tourism research could be analyzed using it. Also, as an important topic in tourism research, tourists’ movement analysis is frequently adopted in tourism planning and intelligent route design. Lastly, TDI perception is one of the most active topic in tourism research and is the basis of the destination marketing, and UGC photos provide a new dimension for TDI analysis. In this study, we take Rome, the capital of Italy, as a case study to illustrate the capabilities of PMMS in the tourism and travel research.

In recent years, the vicious events happened frequently because of tourism service enterprises lack of social responsibility. From the inside of the organization, the reasons can be attributed that leaders fail to undertake the social responsibility of the stakeholders, especially the employees. Based on the example of the travel agency, this paper discusses the relationship between the leadership social responsibility orientation and the performance of the frontline staff service, and further reveals the mechanism of the relationship between the social responsibility orientation and the frontier employee service performance through the intermediary role of the corporate culture. The results show that the leadership social responsibility orientation has a significant impact on the corporate culture and frontline staff service performance; the leading social responsibility orientation can influence the performance of frontline employee service through the intervening variable of corporate culture. The research enriches the theory of leading social responsibility which has a lot practical significance for the tourism service enterprises to build high quality corporate culture and enhance the performance of frontline staff service.

This paper reviews 53 articles of measurement scale development published in six tourism journals (i.e., Annals of Tourism Research,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Tourism Management, Tourism Science, and Tourism Tribune) between 1998 and 2017 to elucidate the developmental stages, topical areas and scale development process and statistical standards in the field of tourism studies. It is found that: (1) Studies on measurement scale development in tourism could be diachronically divided into two stages, namely the initial stage (1998-2007) and the quickly-developing stage (2008-2017). (2) The major research areas where measurement scales have been mostly developed are tourists (e.g., tourists’ perceptions, attitudes, and satisfaction), destination (e.g., destination image, brand equity, and sustainability), and residents (e.g., residents’ perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development, and host-guest interactions). (3) Regarding the process of measurement scale development, the commonly followed procedures are generation of scale items, data collection, and assessment of reliability and validity. However, some measurement scale development studies have not strictly followed the procedures in terms of specification of the domains of construct, purification of scale items, pilot data collection, explorative factor analysis, and confirmative factor analysis, to a varying extent. On the contrary, most of the analyzed articles have strictly followed the psychometric standards in measurement scale development and reported the statistical analysis results that justified the psychometric properties of the scales that were newly developed and/or validated. The findings derived from this paper are believed to be able to guide future measurement scale development studies in the field of tourism in terms of research topics, development procedures, and psychometric properties required.