Tourism and Hospitality Prospects ›› 2023, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 53-75.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.223
• Research Paper • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2022-06-15
Revised:
2023-02-17
Online:
2023-08-30
Published:
2023-09-18
Contact:
包倍增(1998— ),女,上海人,北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院硕士研究生,研究方向:节事会展旅游。E-mail:1198908232@qq.com
作者简介:
许忠伟(1976— ),男,湖北武汉人,北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院教授,研究方向:节事活动、会展企业管理。
基金资助:
CLC Number:
XU Zhongwei, BAO Beizeng. Research on Beijing Residents’ Support for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games: Complex International Environmental Perception and Patriotic Sentiment[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2023, 7(4): 53-75.
许忠伟, 包倍增. 复杂国际环境感知和爱国情感:北京居民对2022年冬奥会的支持度研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2023, 7(4): 53-75.
测量维度Measurement dimension | 具体题项 Item | 研究学者 Researcher |
---|---|---|
认知 Cognition | 当您看到国旗、国徽时,容易想到这是国家的象征吗 | 吕芳( 胡涤非( |
当中国的运动员在国际赛事上取得奖牌,国歌奏起时,您觉得自豪吗 | ||
您认为您能主动肩负民族的复兴大业吗 | ||
国家的发展和强大对我的自尊的提升有重要的影响 | ||
情感 Emotion | 一般说来,中国是比其他国家更好的一个国家 | 刘涵慧( 胡涤非( 章秀英、戴春林( |
做个中国人对我来说很重要 | ||
作为中华人民共和国的一名公民,我感到光荣和自豪 | ||
即使可以移民,我还是选择做中国人 | ||
行为评价Behavior evaluation | 如果中国发生了战争,公民应义不容辞地保卫祖国 | 章秀英、戴春林( 李城( |
以国家利益为主,兼顾个人利益 | ||
为中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗 | ||
为国争光、奉献社会是我义不容辞的责任 |
Tab.1 Some researchers’ measurement items on patriotic sentiment
测量维度Measurement dimension | 具体题项 Item | 研究学者 Researcher |
---|---|---|
认知 Cognition | 当您看到国旗、国徽时,容易想到这是国家的象征吗 | 吕芳( 胡涤非( |
当中国的运动员在国际赛事上取得奖牌,国歌奏起时,您觉得自豪吗 | ||
您认为您能主动肩负民族的复兴大业吗 | ||
国家的发展和强大对我的自尊的提升有重要的影响 | ||
情感 Emotion | 一般说来,中国是比其他国家更好的一个国家 | 刘涵慧( 胡涤非( 章秀英、戴春林( |
做个中国人对我来说很重要 | ||
作为中华人民共和国的一名公民,我感到光荣和自豪 | ||
即使可以移民,我还是选择做中国人 | ||
行为评价Behavior evaluation | 如果中国发生了战争,公民应义不容辞地保卫祖国 | 章秀英、戴春林( 李城( |
以国家利益为主,兼顾个人利益 | ||
为中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗 | ||
为国争光、奉献社会是我义不容辞的责任 |
变量 Variable | 来源 Source | 测量题项 Measurement item | |
---|---|---|---|
居民支持度 Residents’ support | Gursoy和Kendall( | S1 | 我对2022年冬奥会非常感兴趣 |
S2 | 我支持在北京举办2022年冬奥会 | ||
S3 | 如果有机会,我愿意参与2022年冬奥会的志愿者工作 | ||
S4 | 我愿意承受2022年冬奥会所带来的种种负面影响 | ||
S5 | 我愿意为办好2022年冬奥会配合相关筹备工作 | ||
感知收益Perceived benefits | Deccio和Baloglu( | P1 | 举办冬奥会将为北京市政府、与赛事相关的企业增加投资机会、创造收益 |
P2 | 举办冬奥会将为北京增加就业、实习机会 | ||
P3 | 举办冬奥会将促进北京旅游业的发展 | ||
P4 | 举办冬奥会将为北京居民创造更多文化交流、休闲娱乐的机会 | ||
P5 | 举办冬奥会将促进和完善北京基础设施的建设 | ||
感知成本Perceived cost | PP1 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京疫情防控难度 | |
PP2 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京的垃圾和污染物 | ||
PP3 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京交通拥堵的概率 | ||
复杂国际环境 感知 Complex international environment perception | 董海军( | F1 | 中国的快速崛起,已引起了大多数国家的关注 |
F2 | 当前国际政治形势紧张、经济形势不稳定、安全形势复杂 | ||
F3 | 中国正处于百年未有之大变局 | ||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | 吕芳( | N1 | 中国是一个大一统的多民族融合国家,一直都保护着各民族的文化遗产,尊重着各民族的宗教信仰、传统习俗等 |
N2 | 中国是一个拥有悠久历史和璀璨文化的国家 | ||
N3 | 中国是礼仪之邦,如在领土和贸易问题上,主张通过对话和平解决,反对制造紧张和冲突 | ||
N4 | 面对百年未有之大变局,我认为中国仍然可以实现稳步发展 | ||
N5 | 尽管其他国家也很好,但我认为中国是比其他国家更好的一个国家 | ||
N6 | 那些不全心全意支持中国的人应该住到别处,不要待在中国 | ||
N7 | 如果我批评中国或反对中国的一些政策,那也是出于我的爱,是因为我在意我的国家 | ||
N8 | 当我听到国歌、看到国旗时会很激动 | ||
N9 | 作为中国人,我很自豪 | ||
N10 | 我为中国拥有悠久的历史、璀璨的文化、具有中国特色的执政理念而骄傲 | ||
N11 | 无论何时何地,我始终坚守以国家利益为主的原则 | ||
N12 | 我好好工作的主要原因是为了让这个国家变得更加美好 |
Tab.2 Questionnaire variables and measurement items
变量 Variable | 来源 Source | 测量题项 Measurement item | |
---|---|---|---|
居民支持度 Residents’ support | Gursoy和Kendall( | S1 | 我对2022年冬奥会非常感兴趣 |
S2 | 我支持在北京举办2022年冬奥会 | ||
S3 | 如果有机会,我愿意参与2022年冬奥会的志愿者工作 | ||
S4 | 我愿意承受2022年冬奥会所带来的种种负面影响 | ||
S5 | 我愿意为办好2022年冬奥会配合相关筹备工作 | ||
感知收益Perceived benefits | Deccio和Baloglu( | P1 | 举办冬奥会将为北京市政府、与赛事相关的企业增加投资机会、创造收益 |
P2 | 举办冬奥会将为北京增加就业、实习机会 | ||
P3 | 举办冬奥会将促进北京旅游业的发展 | ||
P4 | 举办冬奥会将为北京居民创造更多文化交流、休闲娱乐的机会 | ||
P5 | 举办冬奥会将促进和完善北京基础设施的建设 | ||
感知成本Perceived cost | PP1 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京疫情防控难度 | |
PP2 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京的垃圾和污染物 | ||
PP3 | 举办冬奥会将增加北京交通拥堵的概率 | ||
复杂国际环境 感知 Complex international environment perception | 董海军( | F1 | 中国的快速崛起,已引起了大多数国家的关注 |
F2 | 当前国际政治形势紧张、经济形势不稳定、安全形势复杂 | ||
F3 | 中国正处于百年未有之大变局 | ||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | 吕芳( | N1 | 中国是一个大一统的多民族融合国家,一直都保护着各民族的文化遗产,尊重着各民族的宗教信仰、传统习俗等 |
N2 | 中国是一个拥有悠久历史和璀璨文化的国家 | ||
N3 | 中国是礼仪之邦,如在领土和贸易问题上,主张通过对话和平解决,反对制造紧张和冲突 | ||
N4 | 面对百年未有之大变局,我认为中国仍然可以实现稳步发展 | ||
N5 | 尽管其他国家也很好,但我认为中国是比其他国家更好的一个国家 | ||
N6 | 那些不全心全意支持中国的人应该住到别处,不要待在中国 | ||
N7 | 如果我批评中国或反对中国的一些政策,那也是出于我的爱,是因为我在意我的国家 | ||
N8 | 当我听到国歌、看到国旗时会很激动 | ||
N9 | 作为中国人,我很自豪 | ||
N10 | 我为中国拥有悠久的历史、璀璨的文化、具有中国特色的执政理念而骄傲 | ||
N11 | 无论何时何地,我始终坚守以国家利益为主的原则 | ||
N12 | 我好好工作的主要原因是为了让这个国家变得更加美好 |
变量 Variable | 题项Item | 克隆巴赫系数 Cronbach’s α | 因子载荷 Factor loading | KMO | 巴特球形值检验显著性 Significance of Bartle’s spherical value test | 旋转后累积方差解释率 Accumulated variance contribution rate after rotation | AVE | CR | 整体拟合指数 Overall fit index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
居民支持度 Residents’ support | S1 | 0.766 | 0.677 | 0.491 | 0.792 | χ2/df=1.591<3 RMSEA=0.043<0.05 GFI=0.929>0.9 CFI=0.961>0.9 NFI=0.902>0.9 NNFI=0.953>0.9 AGFI=0.905>0.9 | |||
S3 | 0.772 | ||||||||
S4 | 0.668 | ||||||||
S5 | 0.728 | ||||||||
感知收益 Perceived benefits | P2 | 0.793 | 0.790 | 0.495 | 0.796 | ||||
P3 | 0.822 | ||||||||
P4 | 0.732 | ||||||||
P5 | 0.588 | ||||||||
感知成本 Perceived cost | PP1 | 0.762 | 0.740 | 0.533 | 0.772 | ||||
PP2 | 0.859 | 0.859 | 0.000 | 64.8% | |||||
PP3 | 0.826 | ||||||||
复杂国际环境感知Complex international environment perception | F1 | 0.757 | 0.819 | 0.538 | 0.774 | ||||
F2 | 0.821 | ||||||||
F3 | 0.763 | ||||||||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | N1 | 0.837 | 0.693 | 0.518 | 0.842 | ||||
N8 | 0.681 | ||||||||
N9 | 0.759 | ||||||||
N10 | 0.772 | ||||||||
N11 | 0.823 |
Tab.3 Reliability and validity test after removing item N2
变量 Variable | 题项Item | 克隆巴赫系数 Cronbach’s α | 因子载荷 Factor loading | KMO | 巴特球形值检验显著性 Significance of Bartle’s spherical value test | 旋转后累积方差解释率 Accumulated variance contribution rate after rotation | AVE | CR | 整体拟合指数 Overall fit index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
居民支持度 Residents’ support | S1 | 0.766 | 0.677 | 0.491 | 0.792 | χ2/df=1.591<3 RMSEA=0.043<0.05 GFI=0.929>0.9 CFI=0.961>0.9 NFI=0.902>0.9 NNFI=0.953>0.9 AGFI=0.905>0.9 | |||
S3 | 0.772 | ||||||||
S4 | 0.668 | ||||||||
S5 | 0.728 | ||||||||
感知收益 Perceived benefits | P2 | 0.793 | 0.790 | 0.495 | 0.796 | ||||
P3 | 0.822 | ||||||||
P4 | 0.732 | ||||||||
P5 | 0.588 | ||||||||
感知成本 Perceived cost | PP1 | 0.762 | 0.740 | 0.533 | 0.772 | ||||
PP2 | 0.859 | 0.859 | 0.000 | 64.8% | |||||
PP3 | 0.826 | ||||||||
复杂国际环境感知Complex international environment perception | F1 | 0.757 | 0.819 | 0.538 | 0.774 | ||||
F2 | 0.821 | ||||||||
F3 | 0.763 | ||||||||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | N1 | 0.837 | 0.693 | 0.518 | 0.842 | ||||
N8 | 0.681 | ||||||||
N9 | 0.759 | ||||||||
N10 | 0.772 | ||||||||
N11 | 0.823 |
特征 Attribute | 均值Mean value | 标准差Standard deviation | 性别 | 年龄 | 受教育 程度 | 居住 时长 | 感知 收益 | 感知 成本 | 爱国 情感 | 复杂国际环境感知 | 居民支持度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | 1.580 | 0.494 | 1.000 | ||||||||
年龄 Age | 3.090 | 0.878 | -0.175** | 1.000 | |||||||
受教育程度 Level of education | 3.140 | 0.487 | 0.117* | -0.068 | 1.000 | ||||||
居住时长 Length of residence | 3.220 | 1.651 | 0.023 | 0.247** | -0.130* | 1.000 | |||||
感知收益 Perceived benefits | 4.440 | 0.565 | -0.014 | -0.026 | -0.191** | 0.042 | 1.000 | ||||
感知成本Perceived cost | 3.633 | 0.863 | 0.171** | -0.154** | 0.254** | -0.103 | -0.127* | 1.000 | |||
爱国情感Patriotic sentiment | 4.708 | 0.413 | 0.019 | 0.055 | -0.080 | 0.080 | 0.397** | -0.065 | 1.000 | ||
复杂国际环境感知 Complex international environment perception | 4.038 | 0.700 | -0.052 | -0.002 | 0.052 | 0.123* | 0.092 | 0.301** | 0.242** | 1.000 | |
居民支持度Residents’ support | 4.222 | 0.615 | -0.065 | 0.070 | -0.197** | 0.103 | 0.561** | -0.127* | 0.477** | 0.140* | 1.000 |
Tab.4 Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient of variables
特征 Attribute | 均值Mean value | 标准差Standard deviation | 性别 | 年龄 | 受教育 程度 | 居住 时长 | 感知 收益 | 感知 成本 | 爱国 情感 | 复杂国际环境感知 | 居民支持度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | 1.580 | 0.494 | 1.000 | ||||||||
年龄 Age | 3.090 | 0.878 | -0.175** | 1.000 | |||||||
受教育程度 Level of education | 3.140 | 0.487 | 0.117* | -0.068 | 1.000 | ||||||
居住时长 Length of residence | 3.220 | 1.651 | 0.023 | 0.247** | -0.130* | 1.000 | |||||
感知收益 Perceived benefits | 4.440 | 0.565 | -0.014 | -0.026 | -0.191** | 0.042 | 1.000 | ||||
感知成本Perceived cost | 3.633 | 0.863 | 0.171** | -0.154** | 0.254** | -0.103 | -0.127* | 1.000 | |||
爱国情感Patriotic sentiment | 4.708 | 0.413 | 0.019 | 0.055 | -0.080 | 0.080 | 0.397** | -0.065 | 1.000 | ||
复杂国际环境感知 Complex international environment perception | 4.038 | 0.700 | -0.052 | -0.002 | 0.052 | 0.123* | 0.092 | 0.301** | 0.242** | 1.000 | |
居民支持度Residents’ support | 4.222 | 0.615 | -0.065 | 0.070 | -0.197** | 0.103 | 0.561** | -0.127* | 0.477** | 0.140* | 1.000 |
变量 Variable | 居民支持度Residents’ support | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | |
控制变量 Controlled variable | ||||
性别 Gender | -0.037 | -0.047 | -0.043 | -0.041 |
年龄 Age | 0.055 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.038 |
受教育程度 Level of education | -0.073 | -0.074 | -0.075 | -0.069 |
居住时长 Length of residence | 0.056 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.042 |
感知收益 Perceived benefits | 0.543*** | 0.425*** | 0.424*** | 0.419*** |
感知成本 Perceived cost | -0.019 | -0.017 | -0.03 | -0.034 |
自变量 Independent variable | ||||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | 0.297*** | 0.287*** | 0.329*** | |
调节变量 Moderate variables | ||||
复杂国际环境感知 Complex international environment perception | 0.038 | 0.028 | ||
交互项 Interactive item | ||||
爱国情感×复杂国际环境感知 Patriotic sentiment×complex international environment perception | 0.119* | |||
R2 | 0.333 | 0.407 | 0.408 | 0.420 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.320 | 0.393 | 0.392 | 0.403 |
△R2 | 0.333 | 0.073 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
△F | 25.656*** | 37.981*** | 0.591 | 6.683* |
Tab.5 Test results of the moderating effect of complex international environment perception(N=315)
变量 Variable | 居民支持度Residents’ support | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | |
控制变量 Controlled variable | ||||
性别 Gender | -0.037 | -0.047 | -0.043 | -0.041 |
年龄 Age | 0.055 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.038 |
受教育程度 Level of education | -0.073 | -0.074 | -0.075 | -0.069 |
居住时长 Length of residence | 0.056 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.042 |
感知收益 Perceived benefits | 0.543*** | 0.425*** | 0.424*** | 0.419*** |
感知成本 Perceived cost | -0.019 | -0.017 | -0.03 | -0.034 |
自变量 Independent variable | ||||
爱国情感 Patriotic sentiment | 0.297*** | 0.287*** | 0.329*** | |
调节变量 Moderate variables | ||||
复杂国际环境感知 Complex international environment perception | 0.038 | 0.028 | ||
交互项 Interactive item | ||||
爱国情感×复杂国际环境感知 Patriotic sentiment×complex international environment perception | 0.119* | |||
R2 | 0.333 | 0.407 | 0.408 | 0.420 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.320 | 0.393 | 0.392 | 0.403 |
△R2 | 0.333 | 0.073 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
△F | 25.656*** | 37.981*** | 0.591 | 6.683* |
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