The existing literature on the study of conventions, exhibitions, festivals, and special events has concentrated primarily on frontier issues and bibliometric analysis. Meanwhile, few studies have focused on how theories are used. This study conducted a systematic review of 333 domestic publications and 502 foreign publications from 2000 to 2019 to assess the use of theories from various disciplines, and these articles have been scrutinized for the levels of theoretical visibility. This exploratory research finds that there are many domestic and foreign publications in the field of festivals, most of which use the social exchange theory. Theories from economics are most often used in domestic studies, while foreign articles often adopt psychological theories. Based on the typology of theoretical visibility, it is found that in nearly half of the domestic and foreign publications, theories are consistently applied throughout the entire research process, which suggests that theories do provide theoretical guidance for the practice of research.

Understanding how to optimize and upgrade the structure of the tourism industry is of vital importance to the improvement of the industry's quality, efficiency, and sustained development. This paper uses statistical data of China's 31 provinces from 2000 to 2015 to establish a simple mediation model and a moderated mediation model. From the perspective of human capital theory, the study has empirically tested the mechanism of local government education investment in promoting the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry through the quantity and quality of human capital in tourism industry. The paper outlines the changes of this mechanism caused by the input of human capital from tourism universities and colleges. The empirical study found that: (1) High government investment in education has a positive impact on the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry, but it is negatively moderated by the quantity and quality of human capital of tourism universities and vocational schools. (2) Local government investment in education helps increase human capital in tourism industry, which can, in turn, indirectly promote the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry. (3) Local government investment in education fails to improve the quality of human capital in tourism industry and cannot promote the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry by improving the quality of human capital in tourism industry. (4) The quantity of human capital from tourism universities and colleges has a significant moderation effect, bringing about changes in the mechanism of local government education investment for the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry. The quality of tourism universities’ human capital and the quantity of vocational schools’ (hereafter referred to as “vocational”) human capital do not produce a significant effect, failing to engender changes to the existing mechanism. (5) Moderators (excluding the human capital of tourism vocational colleges) enable local government investment in education to enhance the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry with a gradual decline in intensity. (6) Local government investment in education has a greater direct than indirect effect on the structural optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry. The research conclusions of this paper provide policy insights for China to explore feasible transformation paths to further optimize the structure of the tourism industry and promote the high-quality growth of China’s tourism industry.

With China entering a period of high-speed urbanization, the traditional space of ancient villages has been considerably affected, and the value and significance of traditional spaces are being eroded. As a form of rural settlements accompanied by farming civilizations, ancient villages are facing disintegration and spatial reconstruction. Scholars have studied the process, mechanism, and optimization of the spatial evolution of ancient villages, applying theories from various disciplines. This article takes Xiaozhou Village in Guangzhou as an example to analyze the internal and external driving forces of tourism reconstruction in the “production-life-ecology” space (referred to as "three life" spaces) and propose its spatial tourism optimization strategy.

With the approach of the leisure age, leisure spaces and experiences have garnered significant interest in both a theoretical and a practical context. Based on Lefebvre’s production of space theory, this study uses a qualitative research method to explore the process of cinema space production and the specific representation of leisure and rituals in spaces. The findings indicate that with the evolution of time and space, the cinema has transformed into a modern movie-watching space in terms of its functions and aesthetics and is developing in a diversified direction under government supervision. Leisure and rituals are concrete representations of cinema space. Leisure representation is reflected in the separation of people from “daily routines” and the breakthrough of class estrangement; the ritual representation is embodied in the sense of substitution and spiritual interaction inherent in personal movie-watching, and the social connection is jointly constructed by acquaintances and strangers via collective movie-watching. From the perspective of leisure and rituals, this research enriches the meaning of representational space in the production of space theory, providing a new paradigm for the study of space production and urban micro spaces represented by cinemas.