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Research Paper
Estimation and Decomposition of Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity of China’s Tourism: Empirical Analysis Based on the Three-hierarchy Meta-frontier SBM-DEA Model
Jianping ZHA, Xingbao QIAN, Qianqian ZHAO, Ting TAN
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(3): 1-27.   https://doi.org/10.12054/lydk.bisu.93
Abstract( )   HTML( )     PDF(2492KB)( )

Based on the hypothesis of industry heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity, this paper constructs three-hierarchy meta-frontier SBM-DEA model. On the basis, this paper measures and decomposes the inefficiency and Luenberger productivity of travel agencies, star hotels and tourist attractions of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2000 to 2014. Considering the heterogeneity, this paper divides the indexes into three parts: industry heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity and management difference. The mechanism on the tourism enterprises and their spatial distribution patterns have been discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) regional heterogeneity and management differences are the main reasons for the inefficiency of travel agencies, while industry heterogeneity is the main reason for inefficiency of hotels and scenic spots. Notably, insufficient output the key factor leading to inefficiency of tourism enterprises; (2) there are regional differences in the inefficiency growth source of tourism enterprises. For travel agencies, the management difference is the inefficiency growth source in eastern China, while the regional heterogeneity and management difference are the inefficiency growth sources in the central and western China. For star hotels and scenic spots, industry heterogeneity is the inefficiency growth source in all three regions. Meanwhile, the regional heterogeneity and management difference are the inefficiency growth sources of scenic spots; (3) management differences and regional heterogeneity contribute most to the productivity changes of travel agency, while industry heterogeneity contributes most to the productivity changes of hotels and scenic spots. In view of the conclusions above, this paper gives some relevant policy recommendations, and points out the potential weaknesses of this paper and the future research directions.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Exposition-Sponsor Fit on Sponsor Brand Equity : A Case Study of Shanghai HOTELEX
Lingjia GAO, Qianqian LIU, Yujun TANG
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(3): 28-44.   https://doi.org/10.12054/lydk.bisu.112
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As a new sponsored marketing platform, the exposition has become a new growth point in the field of sponsorship marketing, and has been increasingly concerned by enterprises. Most of purposes of the corporate sponsored expositions are for brand promotion and the value of corporate brand equity, but there is no clear understanding of how to achieve marketing goals and how to evaluate sponsorship effects. In order to effectively evaluate the influence of the exposition sponsorship, this article takes Shanghai International Hotel Supplies Expo (HOTELEX) as an example to conduct a questionnaire survey of 355 professional visitors in the exposition. This paper further explores the impact of sponsorship and image fit and image fit on sponsor brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty, and explores the basis for different companies to choose different expositions for sponsorship. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze and test the relationship between exposition-sponsor fit and sponsor brand equity. The results of this paper show that the impact of exposition-sponsor fit on sponsor brand equity exists. Image fit has more influence on sponsor brand equity than function fit. Image fit has the greatest impact on brand loyalty, secondly on perceived quality, and minimal impact on brand awareness. Functional fit has the greatest impact on brand awareness, secondly on brand association, and minimal impact on brand loyalty. Finally, the article proposes the following suggestions: sponsors should prefer sponsorships that are similar to their own brand in terms of image, connotation and influence. If the sponsors cannot match the image of the exposition, then they can retreat to the next level and sponsor the exposition by offering products directly.

Comparative Research on the Influence of the Regional Identity Difference on the Recreational Environmentally Responsibility Behavior : Taking Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area as an Example
Wenbin LUO, Yezhi TANG, Huimin PAN
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(3): 45-56.   https://doi.org/10.12054/lydk.bisu.118
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Tourists are the mainstay of urban leisure activities. Stimulating the tourists’ civilization environmental responsibility behavior is related to tourists’ behavior norms, the ecological civilization construction of tourism areas as well as the sustainable development of tourism destination. The environmental responsibility behaviors of different regional identity tourists have different performance. To some extent, environmental responsibility behaviors of local residents and outside tourists are varied, which is caused by their different attachment emotion to the scenic spot. A comparative study of the environmental responsibility behaviors of tourists with different regional identity of the subject and the object is an important way to deepen the management of environmental responsibility behavior and effectively protect the natural environment of urban areas. In view of this, this paper takes two groups of tourists—the local residents and outside tourists as the research objects, taking the Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot in Changsha as an example, using the questionnaire survey and social statistical methods to study the difference of the environmental responsibility behavior of urban tourists with different regional identities of the subject and the object. The results indicates that: ①factor analysis shows that the urban residents’ environmental responsibility behavior mainly manifests as two factors: environmental maintenance behavior and environmental promotion behavior; ②regional identity has an impact on urban residents’ environmental responsibility behavior differences, and the willingness of local residents’ environmental responsibility is stronger than the willingness of outside tourists’ environmental responsibility; ③There are differences in the specific environmental maintenance behaviors and environmental promotion behaviors of the two groups of tourists. At the end of the paper, based on regional identity differences, some management suggestions for the environmental responsibility behavior of tourists are proposed.

Institutional Empowerment in Tourism Accurate Poverty Alleviation in the Former Revolutionary Area : Comparative Case Studies of Liangjiahe Village and Kangping Village
Jinqiu LAN, Lixin YU, Huizhan WANG
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(3): 57-70.   https://doi.org/10.12054/lydk.bisu.089
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Comparative study of institutional empowerment in tourism accurate poverty alleviation in the former revolutionary area is the need to explore the value of the institutional empowerment in tourism accurate poverty alleviation and to promote the research process of institutional empowerment in the development of tourism poverty alleviation. It is of greatly practical value to point out the new direction of the future efforts of the tourism accurate poverty alleviation in the former revolutionary area and to guide the work of tackling the key problems that eliminating poverty in the former revolutionary area. Based on accurate poverty alleviation theory and institutional empowerment theory, and applying to content analysis, the relationship between the effect of tourism accurate poverty alleviation and the institutional empowerment at the former revolutionary area——Liangjiahe Village and Kangping Village was studied. Results show that the effect of tourism accurate poverty alleviation in the Liangjiahe Village is more obvious than that of Kangping Village. The great difference stems from the degree of institutional empowerment. The effect of institutional empowerment of Liangjiahe Village is obvious, but the defect is spontaneous, indirect and regional. Since these experiences profiting the local villagers haven’t risen to the will of the state, such approach is the key departments concerned of the national and government who deal with the work of poverty alleviation.

Review Article
The Evolution of Subjective Well-Being and Its Application in Tourism Research : A Critical Review
Zengxian LIANG
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2019, 3(3): 71-92.   https://doi.org/10.12054/lydk.bisu.111
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The application of Subjective well-being (SWB) in tourism research has increased in the past decades, but misunderstanding, misusage, and confusion remain. This paper aims to trace the evolution and new trends of SWB and makes critical reviews on its tourism studies. SWB is both a psychological construct and a social construction, and also an important filed of quality of life (QOL) study. The scientific study of SWB began nearly 100 years ago, and has been shaped and influenced by the efforts of Ed Diener and his team. Unfortunately, one continuing problem of SWB is lack of consensus on the conception and measurement of SWB, since it has multiple origins of philosophy and theories, such as hedonistic theories, desire theories, authentic happiness theories, eudaimonistic (or “nature-fulfillment”) theories and list theories. Among these above, hedonistic is widely accepted as a main philosophical foundation and has developed a series of measurement scales, catering to various contexts and research purposes. Eudaimonistic and other theories have also developed some scales. Each scale has advantages and disadvantages, as well as applicable condition. However, some studies ignore or misunderstand the philosophical foundation and applicable condition of SWB scale, and raise some problematic conclusion, such as oversimplification of classic scale, misusage in unsuitable situation, mis-synthesis of scales with different philosophical origins, mis-interchange of QOL, GL, LS and SWB, and even examination on causal relationship between SWB and various constructs that without or with less theoretical connection.

5 articles