Dimensions of Acculturation for Native in Ethnic Traditional Villages: An Empirical Study based on Three Dong Villages in Southeast Guizhou

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.84

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to develop a multidimensional acculturation in the context of the development of ethnic traditional villages. Based on acculturation theory, the study selected 526 residents who were all from the three typical villages of Dong minority in the southeast of Guizhou. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to the responses of two respective independent samples of native in villages on the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA). Three correlated dimensions were found to underlie SL-ASIA items, namely ethnic identity, social communication and conducts of daily life. This paper not only verifies the validity of the SL-AISA scale in Chinese context, but also finds that although the SL-AISA scale is a single linear model, it is indeed multidimensional. As indicated by the empirical findings of this research, individuals can experience more than one culture at the same time. Residents in the dimension of social communication and ethnic identity are more manifested as Dong culture-oriented biculturalism, while residents in the dimension of daily life behavior are more manifested as true biculturalism. From the average of the three dimensions, it can be preliminarily determined that although the "Coca-Cola" phenomenon in the daily life behavior of the Dong minority is more obvious, however, the ethnic identity is still very strong. The percentage of use of the Dong language as a mother tongue is very high. The villagers have a narrow circle of interpersonal relationships and are deeply embedded in the small groups of the villagers' society. It is a typical society of acquaintances. Ethnic traditional village managers should know the acculturation status of local residents and on this basis help residents adapt to cultural changes and motivate their supportive behaviour for development, thus exploring a way for numerous ethnic villages to effectively improve the life quality and solve the livelihood issues of local residents, meanwhile to truly safeguard the ethnic dignity of individuals and protect unique cultural heritages.

Key words: acculturation, ethnic traditional villages, community residents, dimensions of acculturation

摘要：

本文以贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州3个侗族传统村落的526位村民为调查对象,利用SL-ASIA量表检测他们的文化适应情况。研究把村民随机分成人数大致相等的两组相对独立样本,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析在SL-ASIA问项测量下发现了黔东南侗族村寨原住民的文化适应具有民族认同、社会交往交流、日常生活行为3个维度。从3个维度的均值可以初步判定尽管侗族村寨原住民在日常生活行为中受现代化节奏影响明显,但其内里的族群认同依然很强,侗语作为母语的使用场合和使用频率都很高,村民普遍人际交往圈子较窄,是典型的熟人社会。

关键词: 文化适应, 民族传统村落, 社区居民, 文化适应维度

CLC Number:

Lina FAN. Dimensions of Acculturation for Native in Ethnic Traditional Villages: An Empirical Study based on Three Dong Villages in Southeast Guizhou[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2018, 2(6): 47-62.

范莉娜. 民族传统村落村民文化适应的维度研究——基于黔东南三个侗族村寨的实证研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2018, 2(6): 47-62.

Figures/Tables 6

References 39

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调查项目	类别	样本数	比例（%）	调查项目	类别	样本数	比例（%）
性别	男	297	56.5	家庭年收入（元）	10 000及以下	290	55.1
性别	女	229	43.5		10 001~40 000	168	31.9
年龄	18岁及以下	91	17.3		40 001~70 000	47	8.9
	19~30岁	181	34.4		70 001~100 000	12	2.3
	31~40岁	88	16.7		100 000以上	9	1.8
	41~50岁	83	15.8	样本	样本一	263	50
	51~60岁	36	6.8		样本二	263	50
	61岁及以上	47	9.0
受教育程度	小学及以下	200	38.1	居住地	黎平肇兴侗寨	221	42.1
	初中	205	38.9	居住地	黎平黄岗侗寨	156	29.8
	高中（含中专、中技）	85	16.2		从江小黄侗寨	149	28.1
	高中（含中专、中技）	85	16.2			大学（含大专）及以上	36	6.8

调查项目	类别	样本数	比例（%）	调查项目	类别	样本数	比例（%）
性别	男	297	56.5	家庭年收入（元）	10 000及以下	290	55.1
性别	女	229	43.5		10 001~40 000	168	31.9
年龄	18岁及以下	91	17.3		40 001~70 000	47	8.9
	19~30岁	181	34.4		70 001~100 000	12	2.3
	31~40岁	88	16.7		100 000以上	9	1.8
	41~50岁	83	15.8	样本	样本一	263	50
	51~60岁	36	6.8		样本二	263	50
	61岁及以上	47	9.0
受教育程度	小学及以下	200	38.1	居住地	黎平肇兴侗寨	221	42.1
	初中	205	38.9	居住地	黎平黄岗侗寨	156	29.8
	高中（含中专、中技）	85	16.2		从江小黄侗寨	149	28.1
	高中（含中专、中技）	85	16.2			大学（含大专）及以上	36	6.8

问项编码		系数
问项编码	问项描述	因子1	因子2	因子3	M	SD	h²	Cronbach’α 系数
ACC2	相信并认可的价值观	—0.012	—0.076	0.796	1.67	0.761	0.640	0.701
ACC1	对自己身份的认定	—0.059	0.091	0.721	1.48	0.730	0.531
ACC3	民族自豪感	—0.042	0.069	0.717	1.73	0.819	0.520
ACC4	对文化的熟悉	—0.129	0.247	0.443	2.31	0.891	0.256
ACC6	朋友族群偏好	0.809	0.048	0.015	1.54	0.872	0.656	0.746
ACC8	在家时使用的语言	0.732	—0.149	0.021	1.27	0.547	0.559
ACC10	更偏好说的语言	0.662	0.389	—0.132	1.93	0.826	0.607
ACC7	语言的熟悉程度	0.611	0.308	—0.240	2.07	0.656	0.525
ACC15	现在的朋友族群	0.600	0.048	—0.076	1.46	0.615	0.368
ACC9	思考时使用的语言	0.582	0.306	—0.153	1.89	0.931	0.245
ACC5	庆祝的节日	0.498	0.275	0.035	1.84	0.796	0.368
ACC14	服饰偏好	—0.076	0.769	0.080	3.12	1.040	0.603	0.735
ACC12	食物偏好	0.111	0.682	0.062	2.46	0.944	0.482
ACC11	音乐偏好	0.309	0.659	0.073	2.42	1.011	0.534
ACC13	看电视语言偏好	0.036	0.655	0.085	3.54	1.072	0.437
总方差解释比例（%） 51.830%
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）样本充分性检测*=0.758;Barlett’s球体检验的统计值=0.000

问项编码		系数
问项编码	问项描述	因子1	因子2	因子3	M	SD	h²	Cronbach’α 系数
ACC2	相信并认可的价值观	—0.012	—0.076	0.796	1.67	0.761	0.640	0.701
ACC1	对自己身份的认定	—0.059	0.091	0.721	1.48	0.730	0.531
ACC3	民族自豪感	—0.042	0.069	0.717	1.73	0.819	0.520
ACC4	对文化的熟悉	—0.129	0.247	0.443	2.31	0.891	0.256
ACC6	朋友族群偏好	0.809	0.048	0.015	1.54	0.872	0.656	0.746
ACC8	在家时使用的语言	0.732	—0.149	0.021	1.27	0.547	0.559
ACC10	更偏好说的语言	0.662	0.389	—0.132	1.93	0.826	0.607
ACC7	语言的熟悉程度	0.611	0.308	—0.240	2.07	0.656	0.525
ACC15	现在的朋友族群	0.600	0.048	—0.076	1.46	0.615	0.368
ACC9	思考时使用的语言	0.582	0.306	—0.153	1.89	0.931	0.245
ACC5	庆祝的节日	0.498	0.275	0.035	1.84	0.796	0.368
ACC14	服饰偏好	—0.076	0.769	0.080	3.12	1.040	0.603	0.735
ACC12	食物偏好	0.111	0.682	0.062	2.46	0.944	0.482
ACC11	音乐偏好	0.309	0.659	0.073	2.42	1.011	0.534
ACC13	看电视语言偏好	0.036	0.655	0.085	3.54	1.072	0.437
总方差解释比例（%） 51.830%
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）样本充分性检测*=0.758;Barlett’s球体检验的统计值=0.000

	x	s	民族认同	社会交往交流	日常生活行为	Cronbach’α系数
民族认同	1.63	0.590	1.00			0.701
社会交往交流	1.65	0.503	0.152*	1.00		0.746
日常生活行为	2.88	0.730	0.133*	0.287**	1.00	0.735