Common prosperity is an essential requirement of the Chinese path to modernization, and rural areas are key to achieving the goal of common prosperity. In recent years, rural tourism has played an important role in promoting farmers’ income growth and solving the “Three Rural Issues.” This study focuses on the scientific connotation, theoretical logic, impact mechanism, development strategy, and realization path of high-quality development of rural tourism from the perspective of common prosperity. The core points are as follows. (1) The scientific connotation of high-quality development of rural tourism from the perspective of common prosperity should be understood and grasped from the aspects of industrial upgrading and economic development, cultural revitalization and cultural continuity, ecological protection, and the transition to green development. (2) The development of rural tourism should focus on demand and supply, scientific planning of rural tourism, and benefits for more people. (3) Rural tourism micro-enterprises are important in the development of rural tourism. They must stimulate the vitality of common prosperity by activating kinship networks, improving cultivation accuracy, and building industrial clusters. (4) The development of rural tourism needs to focus on cultural connotations, make full use of the excellent traditional Chinese culture represented by intangible cultural heritage, and promote rural tourism to enter a new stage of high-quality supply. (5) Common prosperity and high-quality development of rural tourism are interdependent and mutually supportive. We should further clarify industrial orientation, improve supply levels, make good use of cultural achievements, and explore reform and innovation systems.