Abstract:

Rural tourism is an important means of achieving rural revitalization. However, both internal and external crises in the tourism system have impacted the tourism industry. How community residents in rural tourism deal with the stress caused by tourism crisis is worthy of consideration. Currently, there are relatively few dynamic analyses of the stress-coping processes of community residents in rural tourism. Enhe Village in Ergun City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was selected as the case study site. This study fills this gap by analyzing the stress-coping processes of community residents during the tourism crisis from 2020 to 2022. This study employed descriptive experience sampling and conducted four interviews to obtain diachronic data, applying the “coping resource-action-coping result” framework to map residents’ stress coping processes. The results indicate： (1) based on the characteristics of community residents’ coping processes, five types of stress coping models are refined, namely, livestock livelihood support coping, loyal customer support coping, focus on mid-to-high-end market coping, connection to the external market coping, and leading winter tourism coping; (2) residents’ stress-coping processes present three stages: resisting shocks, resuming operations, and innovating, and the role of coping resources varies across stages; and (3) according to the self-construal type, stress-coping models can be divided into independent and interdependent self-coping, and these two types differ in terms of resource combination and coping thinking. This study extends and deepens research on coping with stress in the tourism field and provides practical implications for crisis management in rural tourism communities.

Key words: tourism crisis, rural tourism, community residents, stress-coping processes, Enhe

摘要：

乡村旅游是实现乡村振兴的重要抓手，旅游系统内外部的危机事件均会对旅游业的发展造成一定冲击，乡村旅游社区居民如何有效应对旅游危机带来的压力值得思考。目前关于动态分析乡村旅游社区居民压力应对过程的研究较少，本研究以内蒙古额尔古纳市恩和村为案例地，通过分析社区居民在2020—2022年旅游危机期间的压力应对过程以期弥补现有研究的不足。研究借鉴描述性体验抽样方法，开展4次访谈获取历时性数据，并应用“应对资源—行动—应对结果”理论框架绘制压力应对过程图。研究发现：（1）基于社区居民的应对过程特征，凝练出5种压力应对模式，分别是畜牧生计支持型应对、忠诚客户支持型应对、聚焦中高端市场型应对、联结外部市场型应对和引领冬季旅游型应对。（2）居民压力应对过程呈现出抵抗冲击、恢复经营、创新发展3个阶段，不同阶段应对资源发挥的作用存在差异。（3）根据自我建构类型，可以将压力应对模式分为独立自我型应对和互依自我型应对，两种应对类型在资源组合和应对思维上存在一定差异。本研究拓展并深化了旅游领域压力应对相关研究，可为乡村旅游社区危机管理提供实践启示。

关键词: 旅游危机, 乡村旅游, 社区居民, 压力应对过程, 恩和