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旅游导刊 ›› 2020, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (5): 40-59.DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.154

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

彝族火把节对社区成员族群认同的影响——基于多族群认同测量(MEIM)的运用

陶长江   

  1. 四川农业大学旅游学院 四川成都 611830
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-13 修回日期:2020-08-27 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-11-30
  • 作者简介:陶长江(1982— ),男,重庆潼南人,四川农业大学副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向:残障旅游、节事旅游、乡村旅游。E-mail: taocj82@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究受四川省旅游业青年专家专项课题“旅游节庆对族群认同影响研究——以凉山彝族火把节为例”资助项目编号(SCTYETP2016L37)

Research on the Influence of the Yi Torch Festival on the Ethnic Identity of Community Members : Based on the Application of the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure

TAO Changjiang

  1. College of Tourism, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China
  • Received:2020-01-13 Revised:2020-08-27 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-11-30

摘要:

族群认同是社会学的重要研究课题,但鲜有研究关注民族节庆对社区成员族群认同的影响。研究将测量工具多族群认同测量(MEIM)引入节庆研究,运用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和多元方差分析,对参加凉山彝族自治州民间火把节的社区居民进行实证研究,研究表明:(1)MEIM在民族节庆研究领域存在族群认同承诺和族群认同探索两个维度,且具有测量稳定性;(2)社区节庆旅游发展程度负向影响成员族群认同承诺;(3)社区成员参与民族节庆的积极性和强度正向影响族群认同,即经常参加火把节的成员在族群认同承诺和探索方面均高于偶然参加者,参加火把节具体活动项目的社区成员在族群认同探索上明显高于观看者;(4)社区成员的性别和受教育程度显著影响族群认同,即彝族男性的族群认同承诺和探索高于女性,社区成员受教育程度对族群认同承诺的影响呈现“U”形。

关键词: 族群认同; 多族群认同测量; 彝族火把节

Abstract:

This study explores factors influencing community members’ ethnic identity in relation to festivals and depicts the differences. The Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) in the form of a questionnaire survey is conducted on the Yi ethnic community members attending the Yi Torch Festival in Sichuan Province, China. This study employs quantitative methods, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multivariate variance analysis. The results show that the ethnic identity of festival attendees is reflected in two dimensions: ethnic identity commitment and ethnic identity exploration. Moreover, while the level of community tourism development is negatively correlated with members’ ethnic identity commitment, there is a positive correlation between the improvement of ethnic groups and their enthusiasm for and frequency of participating in community ethnic festivals. There is no clear difference in ethnic identity commitment between the festival performers and the festival spectators. However, as active participants of the festival, performers score much higher on ethnic identity exploration than spectators. Meanwhile, frequent participants exhibit greater levels of ethnic identity commitment and exploration than occasional participants. Gender and the level of education also play a vital role in personal ethnic identity. In comparison to the Yi females, the Yi males have higher ethnic identity commitment and exploration, while the educational level also affects the degree of ethnic identity commitment in a U-shaped pattern. This study is the first study applying MEIM in festival research and demonstrates the applicability of the MEIM scale in studying ethnic festivals.

Keywords: Ethnic Identity; the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure; the Yi Torch Festival

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