马拉松参赛者阈限体验的建构路径研究——以重庆马拉松为例

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.323

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全民健身战略深入推进的背景下，马拉松赛事作为群众性体育活动的重要载体，其关注度与参与度持续攀升，参赛者对赛事体验品质及组织优化的诉求日益凸显。然而，现有研究多聚焦马拉松赛事的经济效应、服务质量等宏观或中观维度，缺乏对参赛者赛事体验的过程性解构、仪式化本质的深入探究，以及基于体验的赛事组织优化路径的系统分析，难以揭示赛事体验如何推动个体自我认知跃迁与赛事品质升级。本文以重庆马拉松为案例，采用扎根理论方法，结合阈限理论，对参赛者赛事体验进行质性分析。结果表明：参赛者脱离日常秩序的赛事体验可清晰划分为“赛前脱离日常—赛中沉浸阈限—赛后认知重构”三阶段。其中，赛前阶段以物资准备与精神准备为核心，实现向赛事场景的初步过渡；赛中阶段借助沉浸式阈限空间，形成身体实践与共睦态的双向耦合，彰显赛事体验的仪式化特征；赛后阶段表现为参赛者完成主观体验整合与行为转化，实现从“赛事参与者”到“成长型自我”的身份重构。本文不仅丰富了马拉松参赛者赛事体验的研究维度，明晰了赛事体验的阶段化与仪式化逻辑，拓展了阈限理论在体育赛事领域的应用场景，还为赛事组织者优化重庆马拉松及同类赛事的组织架构、提升赛事体验品质、推动“体育+文旅”融合及赛事向专业化与特色化方向发展提供了可操作的实践启示。

关键词: 阈限理论; 马拉松参赛者; 赛事体验; 重庆马拉松; 扎根理论

Abstract:

With the advancement of the national fitness strategy, marathons have emerged as a prominent form of mass sports, with steady growth in public attention and participant engagement. Therefore, participants’ demands for high-quality event experience and optimized event organization have become increasingly important. Nevertheless, prior research focuses on the macro and meso dimensions of marathon events, such as economic effects and service quality. They lack in-depth deconstruction of the process and ritual essence of runners’ event experience and systematic analysis of experience-based event organization optimization paths, failing to clarify how event experience facilitates individuals’ self-cognition transformation and event quality upgrading. With Chongqing Marathon as a case study, the grounded and liminality theories were adopted to conduct a qualitative analysis of runners’ event experience. The results indicate that runners’ event experience, which separates them from daily social order, can be clearly divided into three successive stages: pre-race separation from daily routine, in-race liminal immersion, and post-race cognitive reconstruction. Specifically, the pre-race stage centers on physical and mental preparation to realize the initial transition to the marathon event. The in-race stage relies on immersive liminal spaces to foster both physical practice and communitas, fully demonstrating the ritual characteristics of the marathon experience. In the post-race stage, participants complete the integration of subjective experience and behavioral transformation, realizing identity reconstruction from “event participants” to “growth-oriented selves”. This study not only enriches the research dimensions of marathon runners’ experience, clarifies the staged and ritualized logic of event experience, and expands the application scope of liminality theory in the context of sports events, but also provides practical implications for event organizers to optimize the organizational system of the Chongqing Marathon and similar events; improve event experience quality; promote the integrated development of sports, culture, and tourism; and advance the professional and characteristic development of mass sports events.

Keywords: liminality theory; marathon runners; race experience; Chongqing Marathon; grounded theory

中图分类号:

胡迎春. 马拉松参赛者阈限体验的建构路径研究——以重庆马拉松为例[J]. 旅游导刊, 2026, 10(4): 67-89.

HU Yingchun. The Construction Path of Runners’ Liminal Experience in Marathons: A Case Study of Chongqing Marathon[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2026, 10(4): 67-89.

图/表 2

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