乡村旅游地的后乡村性指标体系构建与实证研究

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.294

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

后乡村性是乡村旅游的核心特征，正确理解后现代背景下乡村性特征的转变关乎乡村旅游能否实现高质量发展。本文在乡村性与后乡村性概念的基础上构建后乡村性评价指标体系，并以湖北省双泉村、黄花沟村、雨霖村为案例地，运用熵权法计算各维度和指标权重，对后乡村性指数进行验证。研究发现：（1）后乡村性指标体系包括乡村“新移民化”、乡村“再地方化”等6个维度，以及流动人口、旅游就业、游客满意度等19个指标；（2）各维度对后乡村性指数的影响程度存在差异，其中乡村“再地方化”对乡村旅游的后乡村性指数影响最大，其次是“居住到栖居”，文化城市化影响最小；（3）双泉村后乡村性最强，黄花沟村次之，雨霖村后乡村性最弱。后乡村性指数的构建对于指导乡村旅游发展具有十分重要的理论与实践意义。

关键词: 后乡村性; 评价指标体系; 后乡村性指数; 熵权法

Abstract:

Post-rurality is a core feature of rural tourism, and a correct understanding of the transformation of rural character in a post-modern context depends on whether rural tourism can realize high-quality development. Based on the concepts of rurality and post-rurality, this study constructs a post-rurality evaluation index system (post-rurality index). It considers Shuangquan Village, Huanghuagou Village, and Yulin Village as case studies. The entropy weighting method was used to calculate the weights of the dimensions and indicators to validate the post-rurality index. The study found that: (1) The index system of post rurality includes 6 dimensions, such as “new immigrants” and “re-localization” of villages, as well as 19 indexes, including floating population, tourism employment, tourists’ satisfaction, etc. (2) The calculation results show that each dimension has a different degree of influence on the post-rurality index, among which the “re-localization” of villages has the greatest influence on the post-rurality index of rural tourism, followed by the three dimensions of residence to habitat, community participation to community creation, and cultural urbanization; the latter has the least influence on the index. (3) From the calculation results of the post-rurality index of the three case sites, Shuangquan Village has the strongest post-rurality, followed by Huanghuagou Village; Yulin Village has the weakest. The construction of a post-ruralism index is of great theoretical and practical significance for measuring the degree of rural tourism development.

Keywords: post-rurality; evaluation index system; post-rurality index; entropy weight method

中图分类号:

李志飞, 谭雪梅. 乡村旅游地的后乡村性指标体系构建与实证研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2025, 9(3): 1-19.

LI Zhifei, TAN Xuemei. Construction and Empirical Research on the Indicator System of Post-rurality of Rural Tourist Destinations[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2025, 9(3): 1-19.

图/表 2

参考文献 44

[1]	Alegre J, Juaneda C. Destination loyalty: Consumers’ economic behavior[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006, 33(3): 684-706.
[2]	Baylina M, Berg N G. Selling the countryside: Representations of rurality in Norway and Spain[J]. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2010, 17(3): 277-292.
[3]	Cloke P. An index of rurality for England and Wales[J]. Regional Studies, 1977, 11(1): 31-46.
[4]	Cloke P, Edwards G. Rurality in England and Wales 1981: A replication of the 1971 index[J]. Regional Studies, 1986, 20(4): 289-306.
[5]	Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. The Handbook of Rural Studies[M]. UK: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2006.
[6]	Halfacree K. Rural space: Constructing a three-fold architecture[M]// Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. Handbook of Rural Studies. UK: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2006.
[7]	Halfacree K H. Locality and social representation: Space, discourse and alternative definitions of the rural[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1993, 9(1): 23-37.
[8]	Halfacree K H. Talking about rurality: Social representations of the rural as expressed by residents of six English parishes[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1995, 11(1): 1-20.
[9]	Hopkins J. Signs of the post-rural: Marketing myths of a symbolic countryside[J]. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 1998, 80(2): 65-81.
[10]	Lane B. What is rural tourism?[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1994, 2(1/2): 7-21.
[11]	Mitchell C J. Entrepreneurialism, commodification and creative destruction: A model of post-modern community development[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1998, 14(3): 273-286.
[12]	Moseley M J. Rural Development and Its Relevance to the Inner City Debate[M]. UK: Social Science Research Cncl, 1980,
[13]	Woods M. Performing rurality and practising rural geography[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2010, 34(6): 835-846.
[14]	陈浩, 陆林, 郑嬗婷. 旅游语境下的乡村性概念解析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2023, 42(11): 2198-2212.
	[CHEN Hao, LU Lin, ZHENG Shanting. Analysis of rurality concept in the context of tourism[J]. Progress in Geography, 2023, 42(11): 2198-2212.]
[15]	丁康乐, 黄丽玲, 郑卫. 台湾地区社区营造探析[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2013, 40(6): 716-725.
	[DING Kangle, HUANG Liling, ZHENG Wei. The research on the community building in Taiwan Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2013, 40(6): 716-725.]
[16]	董又铭, 郭炎, 李志刚, 等. 长江经济带乡村性的时空分异格局及驱动机制[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(2): 378-395.
	[DONG Youming, GUO Yan, LI Zhigang, et al. Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving mechanism of rurality in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(2): 378-395.]
[17]	何景明, 李立华. 关于“乡村旅游”概念的探讨[J]. 西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2002, 28(5): 125-128.
	[HE Jingming, LI Lihua. A study on the conceptions of rural tourism[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2002, 28(5): 125-128.]
[18]	贺瑜, 刘扬, 周海林. 基于演化认知的乡村性研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021, 31(10): 158-166.
	[HE Yu, LIU Yang, ZHOU Hailin. A study of rurality based on evolutionary cognition[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2021, 31(10): 158-166.]
[19]	李孝坤, 李媛, 成国积, 等. 重庆三峡库区县域乡村性评价[J]. 经济地理, 2013, 33(6): 125-131.
	[LI Xiaokun, LI Yuan, CHENG Guoji, et al. Assessing the county’s rurality in the three gorges reservoir area of Chongqing[J]. Economic Geography, 2013, 33(6): 125-131.]
[20]	李志飞, 吴锦超, 张晨晨. 从乡村性到后乡村性: 乡村旅游的理论展望[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(6): 24-42.
	[LI Zhifei, WU Jinchao, ZHANG Chenchen. From rurality to post rurality: Theoretical prospects of rural tourism[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(6): 24-42.]
[21]	刘俊, 占胜蓝, 郑诗琳, 等. 民宿旅游的乡村性生产与消费研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2023, 38(10): 151-159.
	[LIU Jun, ZHAN Shenglan, ZHENG Shilin, et al. Rurality production and consumption of homestay inn tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2023, 38(10): 151-159.]
[22]	刘守英, 龙婷玉. 城乡融合理论: 阶段、特征与启示[J]. 经济学动态, 2022(3): 21-34.
	[LIU Shouying, LONG Tingyu. The theory of urban-rural integration: Stages, characteristics and enlightenment[J]. Economic Perspectives, 2022(3): 21-34.]
[23]	龙花楼, 刘彦随, 张小林, 等. 农业地理与乡村发展研究新近进展[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(8): 1145-1158.
	[LONG Hualou, LIU Yansui, ZHANG Xiaolin, et al. Recent progress in agricultural geography and rural development research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(8): 1145-1158.]
[24]	龙花楼, 刘彦随, 邹健. 中国东部沿海地区乡村发展类型及其乡村性评价[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(4): 426-434.
	[LONG Hualou, LIU Yansui, ZOU Jian. Assessment of rural development types and their rurality in Eastern Coastal China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(4): 426-434.]
[25]	龙花楼, 张杏娜. 新世纪以来乡村地理学国际研究进展及启示[J]. 经济地理, 2012, 32(8): 1-7, 135.
	[LONG Hualou, ZHANG Xingna. Progress in international rural geography research since the turn of the new millennium and some implications[J]. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(8): 1-7, 135.]
[26]	吕祖宜, 林耿. 混杂性: 关于乡村性的再认识[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(10): 1873-1885.
	[LYU Zuyi, LIN Geng. Hybridity: Rethinking rurality[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(10): 1873-1885.]
[27]	马力阳, 李同昇, 李婷, 等. 我国北方农牧交错带县域乡村性空间分异及其发展类型[J]. 经济地理, 2015, 35(9): 126-133.
	[MA Liyang, LI Tongsheng, LI Ting, et al. Spatial distribution of rurality and types of rural development in farming-pastoral ecotone in Northern China[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(9): 126-133.]
[28]	彭思婷. 游客感知视角下芙蓉镇非物质文化遗产旅游活化效果评价研究[D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2020.
	[PENG Siting. Research on the Evaluation of Tourism Activation Effect of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Furong Town from the Perspective of Tourist Perception[D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2020.]
[29]	粟路军, 黄福才. 城市居民乡村旅游满意度的实证研究——以长沙市为例[J]. 旅游科学, 2009, 23(4): 42-49.
	[SU Lujun, HUANG Fucai. An empirical study on rural tour satisfaction of urban residents: A case study of Changsha[J]. Tourism Science, 2009, 23(4): 42-49.]
[30]	孙玉, 程叶青, 张平宇. 东北地区乡村性评价及时空分异[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(10): 1864-1874.
	[SUN Yu, CHENG Yeqing, ZHANG Pingyu. Spatio-temporal dynamics of rurality in Northeast China[J]. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(10): 1864-1874.]
[31]	陶玉霞. 乡村旅游根性意涵的社会调试与价值重建研究[J]. 人文地理, 2015, 30(5): 117-125.
	[TAO Yuxia. Study on the social adjustment and reconstruction of original implications in rural tourism[J]. Human Geography, 2015, 30(5): 117-125.]
[32]	王铭杰, 孟凯, 张冰逸, 等. 乡村性视角下乡村旅游吸引力构成路径研究——基于海南26个乡村案例地的模糊集定性比较分析[J]. 人文地理, 2023, 38(5): 135-145.
	[WANG Mingjie, MENG Kai, ZHANG Yibing, et al. Composition path of rural tourism attractiveness from the perspective of rurality: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis based on 26 rural cases in Hainan Province[J]. Human Geography, 2023, 38(5): 135-145.]
[33]	王淑佳, 孙九霞. 普适道路还是隐形门槛?不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的外源因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(3): 662-680.
	[WANG Shujia, SUN Jiuxia. Universal road or invisible threshold? Exogenous factors in different development paths of rural tourism[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(3): 662-680.]
[34]	王勇, 周雪, 李广斌. 苏南不同类型传统村落乡村性评价及特征研究——基于苏州12个传统村落的调查[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(6): 1311-1321.
	[WANG Yong, ZHOU Xue, LI Guangbin. The rurality appraisal and characteristics of different types of traditional villages in southern Jiangsu Province: Based on surveys of 12 traditional villages in Suzhou[J]. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(6): 1311-1321.]
[35]	文军, 吴越菲. 流失“村民”的村落: 传统村落的转型及其乡村性反思——基于15个典型村落的经验研究[J]. 社会学研究, 2017, 32(4): 22-45.
	[WEN Jun, WU Yuefei. Villages with a loss of villagers: The transformation of the traditional villages and reflections on rurality[J]. Sociological Studies, 2017, 32(4): 22-45.]
[36]	吴丽丽, 卢成会, 林美静. 基于乡村振兴的安徽省县域乡村发展类型及区划研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2025, 46(1): 202-210.
	[WU Lili, LU Chenghui, LIN Meijing. Research on the development types and regionalization of county-level rural areas in Anhui Province based on rural revitalization[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2025, 46(1): 202-210.]
[37]	胥兴安, 孙凤芝, 王立磊. 居民感知公平对社区参与旅游发展的影响研究——基于社区认同的视角[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(12): 113-120.
	[XU Xingan, SUN Fengzhi, WANG Lilei. Effects of perceived justice on community participation in tourism development: From the perspective of community identification[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2015, 25(12): 113-120.]
[38]	杨振之. 论旅游的本质[J]. 旅游学刊, 2014, 29(3): 13-21.
	[YANG Zhenzhi. On the essence of tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2014, 29(3): 13-21.]
[39]	曾丽琴. 收缩视角下区域乡村性评价及发展研究——以皋兰县什川镇为例[D]. 兰州: 兰州交通大学, 2023.
	[ZENG Liqin. The Research on Regional Rurality Evaluation and Development from the Perspective of Shrinkage: Taking Shichuan Town of Gaolan County as an Example[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2023.]
[40]	张文力, 朱喜钢, 何思琪, 等. “后乡村”语境下成都竹艺村的空间生产研究——基于三重乡村空间模型的视角[J]. 热带地理, 2024, 44(2): 280-291.
	[ZHANG Wenli, ZHU Xigang, HE Siqi, et al. Spatial production of Chengdu Bamboo Craft Village in “post-rural” context: From the perspective of three-fold model of rural space[J]. Tropical Geography, 2024, 44(2): 280-291.]
[41]	张小林. 乡村概念辨析[J]. 地理学报, 1998, 53(4): 365-371.
	[ZHANG Xiaolin. On discrimination of rural definitions[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1998, 53(4): 365-371.]
[42]	周晓芳, 邓俊. 中国乡村旅游地不平衡不充分发展及地域系统类型划分[J]. 地理学报, 2024, 79(2): 515-533.
	[ZHOU Xiaofang, DENG Jun. Unbalanced and inadequate development of rural tourism destinations and the types of areal systems in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2024, 79(2): 515-533.]
[43]	朱彬, 张小林. 江苏省乡村性的县域差异时空分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(4): 539-547.
	[ZHU Bin, ZHANG Xiaolin. Temporal and spatial analysis of county differences of rurality in Jiangsu province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(4): 539-547.]
[44]	左冰, 保继刚. 从“社区参与”走向“社区增权”——西方“旅游增权”理论研究述评[J]. 旅游学刊, 2008, 23(4): 58-63.
	[ZUO Bing, BAO Jigang. From community participation to community empowerment: Review on theoretical study of “Tourism Empowerment” in western countries[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008, 23(4): 58-63.]

目标层 Target level	维度层 Dimension level	权重 Weights	指标层 Indicator level	权重 Weights	因子层 Factor level	指标说明 Description of indicators
后乡村性 Post- rurality	乡村 “新移民化”	0.131 3	流动人口	0.034 2	常住人口/户籍人口	正向
	乡村 “新移民化”	0.131 3	旅游就业	0.052 3	旅游从业人数/ 总就业人数	正向
	乡村 “再地方化”	0.240 4	游客满意度	0.070 1	问卷调查	正向
	文化城市化	0.106 9	非物质文化遗产的旅游活化	0.071 6	问卷调查	正向
	文化城市化	0.106 9	文化场所数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
	居住到栖居	0.224 5	林地覆盖率	0.040 5	林地面积/村域面积	正向
			生活垃圾处理率	0.083 3	集中处理生活垃圾量/生活垃圾总量	正向
			停车场数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
			休闲场所数量	0.032 4	定量统计个数	正向
			公厕数量	0.035 1	定量统计个数	正向
			古民居数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
			民宿数量	0.036 0	定量统计个数	正向
	城乡二元对立到城乡连续体	0.114 9	一产就业比例	0.050 6	一产就业劳动力数量/劳动力总数	负向
			公路密度	0.032 7	公路通车里程/ 村域面积	正向
			人口密度	0.031 2	人口数量/村域面积	正向
			城乡人均可支配收入比	0.039 1	城镇居民可支配收入/农村居民可支配收入	负向
	社区参与到社区营造	0.182 0	新乡贤的社区治理结构	0.053 0	新乡贤人数/ 村干部人数	正向
			基层群众自治水平	0.055 6	乡村常住人口数/ 村干部人数	正向
			人均旅游收入	0.032 4	旅游总收入/ 人口总数	正向

目标层 Target level	维度层 Dimension level	权重 Weights	指标层 Indicator level	权重 Weights	因子层 Factor level	指标说明 Description of indicators
后乡村性 Post- rurality	乡村 “新移民化”	0.131 3	流动人口	0.034 2	常住人口/户籍人口	正向
	乡村 “新移民化”	0.131 3	旅游就业	0.052 3	旅游从业人数/ 总就业人数	正向
	乡村 “再地方化”	0.240 4	游客满意度	0.070 1	问卷调查	正向
	文化城市化	0.106 9	非物质文化遗产的旅游活化	0.071 6	问卷调查	正向
	文化城市化	0.106 9	文化场所数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
	居住到栖居	0.224 5	林地覆盖率	0.040 5	林地面积/村域面积	正向
			生活垃圾处理率	0.083 3	集中处理生活垃圾量/生活垃圾总量	正向
			停车场数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
			休闲场所数量	0.032 4	定量统计个数	正向
			公厕数量	0.035 1	定量统计个数	正向
			古民居数量	0.083 3	定量统计个数	正向
			民宿数量	0.036 0	定量统计个数	正向
	城乡二元对立到城乡连续体	0.114 9	一产就业比例	0.050 6	一产就业劳动力数量/劳动力总数	负向
			公路密度	0.032 7	公路通车里程/ 村域面积	正向
			人口密度	0.031 2	人口数量/村域面积	正向
			城乡人均可支配收入比	0.039 1	城镇居民可支配收入/农村居民可支配收入	负向
	社区参与到社区营造	0.182 0	新乡贤的社区治理结构	0.053 0	新乡贤人数/ 村干部人数	正向
			基层群众自治水平	0.055 6	乡村常住人口数/ 村干部人数	正向
			人均旅游收入	0.032 4	旅游总收入/ 人口总数	正向

	双泉村 Shuangquan village	黄花沟村 Huanghuagou village	雨霖村 Yulin village
乡村“新移民化”	0.034 2	0.008 9	0.073 5
乡村“再地方化”	0.000 1	0.070 2	0.003 2
文化城市化	0.000 2	0.071 8	0.086 2
居住到栖居	0.337 4	0.073 3	0.053 9
城乡二元对立到城乡连续体	0.141 9	0.000 2	0.082 6
社区参与到社区营造	0.077 4	0.053 2	0.048 6
后乡村性指数	0.574 0	0.374 8	0.316 8

	双泉村 Shuangquan village	黄花沟村 Huanghuagou village	雨霖村 Yulin village
乡村“新移民化”	0.034 2	0.008 9	0.073 5
乡村“再地方化”	0.000 1	0.070 2	0.003 2
文化城市化	0.000 2	0.071 8	0.086 2
居住到栖居	0.337 4	0.073 3	0.053 9
城乡二元对立到城乡连续体	0.141 9	0.000 2	0.082 6
社区参与到社区营造	0.077 4	0.053 2	0.048 6
后乡村性指数	0.574 0	0.374 8	0.316 8