归因偏差视角下旅游行为失范成因研究

doi:10.12054/lydk.bisu.152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

游客旅游行为失范时有发生,威胁着旅游资源与环境安全。心理归因影响个体行为逻辑,归因偏差是解释心理归因的经典理论。本文引入归因偏差理论,采用实证方法探究旅游行为失范背后的归因偏差因素,为减少旅游行为失范提供心理学依据。研究发现,归因偏差能够引致旅游者心理认知偏差,后者直接引发和助推旅游行为失范。心理环境和群体心理对引致旅游者的心理认知偏差和行为失范具有显著作用,归因偏差成为旅游者弱化旅游行为失范结果的心理屏障,可激发或促进旅游行为失范的发生或持续。研究认为旅游地可从完善硬件监控、控制游客流量、强化失范行为负面教育、发挥在场监督作用等方式削弱归因偏差效应。

关键词: 旅游行为失范, 心理学解析, 归因偏差

Abstract:

Behavior anomie occurs periodically in the process of tourism activities, bringing about potential damages to tourism resources and the environment. Attribution bias theory is one of the classical theories used to explain human behavior. Exploring the factors of attribution bias behind the anomie of tourist behavior is a significant means of preventing it from happening. Based on the theory of attribution bias, this paper chooses seven potential variables and twenty-two observed variables to construct a structural equation model from the three perspectives of observer-actor bias, basic attribution bias, and self-serving bias, and conducts empirical research by obtaining data through questionnaires. The results show that attribution bias may directly lead to tourists’ psychological cognitive bias, which, in turn, may elicit tourist behavior anomie. Psychological environment and group psychology have a direct effect on the psychological cognitive bias and behavioral anomie of tourists. The article holds that authorities of tourism destinations can reduce the psychological cognitive bias of tourists by upgrading monitoring facilities, regulating the flow of tourists, reinforcing the negative results of deviant behavior, and exercising on-site visitor supervision, so as to minimize the deviant behavior of tourists.

Key words: tourist behavior anomie, psychological analysis, attribution bias

中图分类号:

周坤,王进. 归因偏差视角下旅游行为失范成因研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 43-57.

ZHOU Kun,WANG Jin. A Study on the Causes of Tourism Behavior Anomie from the Perspective of Attribution Bias[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(1): 43-57.

图/表 4

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变量 Variables	克隆巴赫系数（Cronbach’s α）	组合信度系数（CR）	平均变异数抽取量（AVE）
基本归因偏差Basic Attribution Bias	0.789	0.923	0.872
自我服务偏差Self-service Bias	0.834	0.919	0.894
观察者偏差Observer Bias	0.911	0.742	0.782
群体心理Group Psychology	0.841	0.891	0.793
心理环境Psychological Environment	0.802	0.880	0.854
心理认知偏差Psychological Cognitive Bias	0.778	0.879	0.661
旅游失范行为Tourism Behavior Anomie	0.852	0.731	0.833

变量 Variables	克隆巴赫系数（Cronbach’s α）	组合信度系数（CR）	平均变异数抽取量（AVE）
基本归因偏差Basic Attribution Bias	0.789	0.923	0.872
自我服务偏差Self-service Bias	0.834	0.919	0.894
观察者偏差Observer Bias	0.911	0.742	0.782
群体心理Group Psychology	0.841	0.891	0.793
心理环境Psychological Environment	0.802	0.880	0.854
心理认知偏差Psychological Cognitive Bias	0.778	0.879	0.661
旅游失范行为Tourism Behavior Anomie	0.852	0.731	0.833

	X²/df	RMSEA	RMR	AGFI	NNFI	CFI
理想值Ideal Value	≤5	≤0.08	≤0.05	≥0.9	≥0.9	≥0.9
运算值Operation Value	3.214	0.052	0.033	0.941	0.930	0.902

	X²/df	RMSEA	RMR	AGFI	NNFI	CFI
理想值Ideal Value	≤5	≤0.08	≤0.05	≥0.9	≥0.9	≥0.9
运算值Operation Value	3.214	0.052	0.033	0.941	0.930	0.902

假设 Hypothesis	路径系数 Path Coefficient	估值 Valuation	标准误差（S.E.）	临界比率（C.R.）	P	验证结果Validation Results
H₁	心理环境→旅游行为失范	0.211	1.054	1.823	0.031	成立
H₂	心理环境→旅游者心理认知偏差	0.835	1.187	0.952	***	成立
H₃	群体心理→旅游者心理认知偏差	0.736	1.329	2.368	0.029	成立
H₄	观察偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差	0.524	1.633	1.251	***	成立
H₅	基本归因偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差	0.854	0.956	2.337	***	成立
H₆	自我服务偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差	0.698	1.659	1.592	***	成立
H₇	旅游者心理认知偏差→旅游行为失范	0.657	1.364	3.422	***	成立