Please wait a minute...
  •  

微信公众号

编辑部微信号

旅游导刊
旅游导刊  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (1): 43-57    DOI: 10.12054/lydk.bisu.152
研究论文     
归因偏差视角下旅游行为失范成因研究
周坤1,2(),王进2
1.河北农业大学园林与旅游学院 河北保定 071000
2.重庆文理学院旅游学院 重庆 402160
A Study on the Causes of Tourism Behavior Anomie from the Perspective of Attribution Bias
ZHOU Kun1,2(),WANG Jin2
1. College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2. Tourism College of Chongqing University of Arts and Science, Chongqing 402160, China
 全文: PDF(8719 KB)   HTML
摘要：

游客旅游行为失范时有发生,威胁着旅游资源与环境安全。心理归因影响个体行为逻辑,归因偏差是解释心理归因的经典理论。本文引入归因偏差理论,采用实证方法探究旅游行为失范背后的归因偏差因素,为减少旅游行为失范提供心理学依据。研究发现,归因偏差能够引致旅游者心理认知偏差,后者直接引发和助推旅游行为失范。心理环境和群体心理对引致旅游者的心理认知偏差和行为失范具有显著作用,归因偏差成为旅游者弱化旅游行为失范结果的心理屏障,可激发或促进旅游行为失范的发生或持续。研究认为旅游地可从完善硬件监控、控制游客流量、强化失范行为负面教育、发挥在场监督作用等方式削弱归因偏差效应。
关键词： 旅游行为失范;  心理学解析;  归因偏差    
Abstract:

Behavior anomie occurs periodically in the process of tourism activities, bringing about potential damages to tourism resources and the environment. Attribution bias theory is one of the classical theories used to explain human behavior. Exploring the factors of attribution bias behind the anomie of tourist behavior is a significant means of preventing it from happening. Based on the theory of attribution bias, this paper chooses seven potential variables and twenty-two observed variables to construct a structural equation model from the three perspectives of observer-actor bias, basic attribution bias, and self-serving bias, and conducts empirical research by obtaining data through questionnaires. The results show that attribution bias may directly lead to tourists’ psychological cognitive bias, which, in turn, may elicit tourist behavior anomie. Psychological environment and group psychology have a direct effect on the psychological cognitive bias and behavioral anomie of tourists. The article holds that authorities of tourism destinations can reduce the psychological cognitive bias of tourists by upgrading monitoring facilities, regulating the flow of tourists, reinforcing the negative results of deviant behavior, and exercising on-site visitor supervision, so as to minimize the deviant behavior of tourists.
Key words: tourist behavior anomie    psychological analysis    attribution bias
收稿日期: 2020-04-06 出版日期: 2021-03-24
PACS:  F59  
基金资助: 重庆市社科规划项目“旅游扶贫视阈下秦巴山区脱贫人口持续获益与返贫阻断研究”(2019YBGL068);河北农业大学人才引进项目“文旅融合背景下我国乡村旅游高质量发展研究”(YJ2020063)
作者简介: 周 坤（1983— ）,男,河北保定人,河北农业大学讲师,博士,研究方向：旅游行为学、文化遗产与旅游开发。E-mail: zhoukun213@foxmail.com。|王进（1983— ）,女,四川宜宾人,重庆文理学院副教授,博士,研究方向：乡村旅游、旅游规划与开发。
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章　　
周坤
王进

引用本文:

周坤,王进. 归因偏差视角下旅游行为失范成因研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 43-57.

ZHOU Kun,WANG Jin. A Study on the Causes of Tourism Behavior Anomie from the Perspective of Attribution Bias. Tourism and Hospitality Prospects, 2021, 5(1): 43-57.

链接本文:

https://lydk.bisu.edu.cn/CN/10.12054/lydk.bisu.152    或    https://lydk.bisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V5/I1/43

图1  旅游行为失范归因偏差模型
变量
Variables		 克隆巴赫系数（Cronbach’s α） 组合信度系数（CR） 平均变异数抽取量（AVE）
基本归因偏差Basic Attribution Bias 0.789 0.923 0.872
自我服务偏差Self-service Bias 0.834 0.919 0.894
观察者偏差Observer Bias 0.911 0.742 0.782
群体心理Group Psychology 0.841 0.891 0.793
心理环境Psychological Environment 0.802 0.880 0.854
心理认知偏差Psychological Cognitive Bias 0.778 0.879 0.661
旅游失范行为Tourism Behavior Anomie 0.852 0.731 0.833
表1  各变量信效度分析统计表
X 2/df RMSEA RMR AGFI NNFI CFI
理想值Ideal Value ≤5 ≤0.08 ≤0.05 ≥0.9 ≥0.9 ≥0.9
运算值Operation Value 3.214 0.052 0.033 0.941 0.930 0.902
表2  模型拟合度指标表
假设
Hypothesis		 路径系数
Path Coefficient		 估值
Valuation		 标准
误差（S.E.）		 临界
比率（C.R.）		 P 验证结果Validation Results
H1 心理环境→旅游行为失范 0.211 1.054 1.823 0.031 成立
H2 心理环境→旅游者心理认知偏差 0.835 1.187 0.952 *** 成立
H3 群体心理→旅游者心理认知偏差 0.736 1.329 2.368 0.029 成立
H4 观察偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差 0.524 1.633 1.251 *** 成立
H5 基本归因偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差 0.854 0.956 2.337 *** 成立
H6 自我服务偏差→旅游者心理认知偏差 0.698 1.659 1.592 *** 成立
H7 旅游者心理认知偏差→旅游行为失范 0.657 1.364 3.422 *** 成立
表3  检验假设路径系数统计
[1] Dann G M S. Anomie,ego-enhancement and tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1977,4(4):184~194.
[2] Evans G W, Lovell B. Design modification in an open-plan school[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979,71(1):41~49.
[3] Haselton M G, Buss D M. Biases in social judgment:Design flaws or design features?[M]//Forgas J P,Williams K D,von Hippel W. Social Judgments: Implicit and Explicit Processes. Cambridge,UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 23~43.
[4] Jacobson N S, Martell C R, Dimidjian S. Behavioral activation treatment for depression:Returning to contextual roots[J]. Clinical Psychology:Science and Practice, 2010,8(3):255~270.
pmid: 12981175
[5] Paulus P, Cox V, McCain G, et al. Some effects of crowding in a prison environment[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1975,5(1):86~91.
[6] Sabini J, Siepmann M, Stein J. Target article:“The really fundamental attribution error in social psychological research”[J]. Psychological Inquiry, 2001,12(1):1~15.
[7] Wilson M. Six views of embodied cognition[J]. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2002,9(4):625~636.
doi: 10.3758/bf03196322 pmid: 12613670
[8] 保罗·贝尔, 托马斯·格林, 杰弗瑞·费希尔, 等. 环境心理学[M]. 朱建军,吴建平,译. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2009: 15~26.
[8] [ Paul Bell, Thomas Green. Environmental Psychology[M]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2009: 15~26.]
[9] 樊友猛, 谢彦君. 具身欲求与身体失范:旅游不文明现象的一种理论解释[J]. 旅游学刊, 2016,31(8):4~5.
[9] [ Fan Youmeng, Xie Yanjun. Embodied desire and physical anomie:A theoretical explanation of uncivilized tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2016,31(8):4~5.]
[10] 冯媛, 丁鹏, 余勇. 游客非生态行为心理结构的实证分析——以张家界生态旅游景区为例[J]. 边疆经济与文化, 2010(11):22~23.
[10] [ Feng Yuan, Ding Peng, Yu Yong. An empirical analysis on the psychological structure of tourists’ non ecological behavior:A case study of Zhangjiajie ecotourism scenic spot[J]. Frontier economy and culture, 2010(11):22~23]
[11] 胡华. 中国游客不文明行为归类及归因研究[J]. 生态经济, 2014,30(7):116~118.
[11] [ Hu Hua. Classification and attribution of uncivilized behavior of Chinese tourists[J]. Ecological economy(Chinese version), 2014,30(7):115~118]
[12] 库尔特·考夫卡. 格式塔心理学原理[M]. 李维,译. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2010: 68.
[12] [ Kurt Koffka. Principles of Gestalt psychology[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2010: 68.]
[13] 库尔特·卢因. 社会科学中的场论(英文版)[M]. 北京: 中国传媒大学出版社, 2016: 118~122.
[13] [ Kurt Lewin. Field Theory in Social Sciences[M]. Beijing: Communication University of China Press, 2016: 118~122.]
[14] 勒庞. 乌合之众:大众心理研究[M]. 波洛,译. 北京, 中国华侨出版社,2013:I,7, 10, 11.
[14] [ Gustave Le Bon. Mob:A Study of Popular Psychology[M]. Beijing: China Overseas Chinese Press,2013:I,7, 10, 11.]
[15] 林德荣, 刘卫梅. 旅游不文明行为归因分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 2016,31(8):8~10.
[15] [ Lin Derong, Liu Weimei. Attribution analysis of uncivilized tourism behavior[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2016,31(8):8~9.]
[16] 刘永芳. 归因理论及其应用[M]. 济南: 山东人民出版社, 1998: 32.
[16] [ Liu Yongfang. Attribution Theory and Its Application[M]. Jinan: Shandong People’s Publishing House, 1998: 32.]
[17] 刘永芳. 归因理论与人力资源管理[M]. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2007: 21.
[17] [ Liu Yongfang. Attribution Theory and Human Resource Management[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 2006: 21]
[18] 荣泰生. AMOS与研究方法[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2009: 42.
[18] [ Rong Taisheng. Amos and Research Methods[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2009: 42.]
[19] 王军, 王菲. 管理决策中的归因偏差及其纠正[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2010,3(1):52~54.
[19] [ Wang Jun, Wang Fei. Attribution bias in management decision making and its correction[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology(Social Science Edition), 2010,3(1):52~54]
[20] 王诗堂, 廖为仁, 刘勤. 管理者的归因偏差与预防[J]. 领导科学, 2010(36):47~48.
[20] [ Wang Shitang, Liao Weiren, Liu Qin. Managerial attribution bias and prevention[J]. Leadership Science, 2010(36):47~48.]
[21] 王细芳. 基于心理账户的旅游消费决策机理——以超大城市旅游观演群体为例的研究[J]. 经济管理, 2019,41(3):141~155.
[21] [ Wang Xifang. Tourism Consumption Decision-making Mechanism Based on Mental Accounting Theory: The Case Study of Performance-watching Tourists in Megacities[J]. Economic management, 2019,41(03):141~155]
[22] 韦恩·瓦伊尼, 布雷特·金. 心理学史:观念与背景[M]. 郭本禹,任其平,王蕾,等译. 北京: 世界图书出版公司, 2009: 395~398.
[22] [ Wayne Viney, Brett King. History of Psychology:Concept and Background[M]. Beijing: World Book Publishing Company, 2009: 395~398.]
[23] 薛菲, 郑永贤. 旅游不文明行为归因分析——中西文化比较视角[J]. 江苏商论, 2017(9):76~78.
[23] [ Xue Fei, Zheng Yongxian. Attribution analysis of uncivilized tourism behavior:a comparative perspective between Chinese and Western cultures[J]. Jiangsu Commercial Forum, 2017(9):76~78.]
[24] 杨振福. 失范行为社会学的基本框架[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 1995(4):26~30.
[24] [ Yang Zhenfu. The basic framework of anomie sociology[J]. Social Sciences, 1995(4):26~30.]
[25] 张建荣, 赵振斌, 张天然. 基于“场论”的游客不文明行为表达——以八达岭长城刻画为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017,39(7):1291~1302.
[25] [ Zhang Jianrong, Zhao Zhenbin, Zhang Tianran. Tourist behavior and expression based on field theory:Graffiti on the Badaling section of Great Wall of China[J]. Resources Science, 2017,39(7):1291~1302.]
[26] 赵黎明, 张海波, 孙健慧. 旅游情境下公众低碳旅游行为影响因素研究——以三亚游客为例[J]. 资源科学, 2015,37(1):201~210.
[26] [ Zhao Liming, Zhang Haibo, Sun Jianhui. Factors affecting low-carbon tourism behavior under tourist situations in Sanya[J]. Resources Science, 2015,37(1):201~210.]
[27] 朱小芳, 佐斌. 行动者—观察者偏差研究新进展[J]. 哈尔滨学院学报, 2007,28(9):26~31.
[27] [ Zhu Xiaofang, Zuo Bin. New progress in the study of actor observer bias[J]. Journal of Harbin University, 2007,28(9):26~31.]
[1] 孙盼盼, 赖丽君. 地方政府教育投入、旅游业人力资本与旅游产业结构优化升级——基于简单中介效应模型和有调节的中介效应模型的对比检验[J]. 旅游导刊, 0, (): 3-3.
[2] 邹统钎,赵英英,常梦倩,韩全. 旅游目的地地格的理论源流、本质与测度指标[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 1-22.
[3] 余志远,赵星会,梁春媚. 社区旅游参与视角下民族村寨旅游地居民地方感生成研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 23-42.
[4] 刘必强,黎耀奇. 所见即所得：旅游眼动研究述评与展望[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 76-102.
[5] 罗茜,戴光全. 多主体视角下广府庙会的形象表征及差异[J]. 旅游导刊, 2021, 5(1): 58-75.
[6] 郑春晖,张捷. 自然灾难地居民风险知觉与旅游支持度的关系研究——以汶川大地震重灾区北川和都江堰为例[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 43-58.
[7] 唐勇,钟美玲,王尧树,秦宏瑶,傅滢滢. 汶川地震黑色旅游地社区居民地方感聚类研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 28-42.
[8] 钱莉莉,李罕梁,季靖. 黑色旅游地游客集体记忆建构及其对行为意愿的影响——以“5·12”汶川地震北川老县城遗址为例[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 59-74.
[9] 王金伟,王国权,王欣. 黑色旅游的批判性反思与理论建构[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 6-22.
[10] 颜丙金,刘俊,黄艳娴. 黑色旅游游客体验及其类型差异性研究[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 75-90.
[11] 王金伟. 黑色旅游学术研究的理论前沿与本土实践[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(6): 1-5.
[12] 蔡礼彬,王飞. 基于SMCC理论的旅游网络舆情危机传播机理分析——以上海迪士尼乐园禁带饮食被告事件为例[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(5): 60-78.
[13] 李燕琴. 中国生态旅游发展的本土化与国际化[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(5): 1-18.
[14] 熊伟,宋鑫鑫. 休闲者的积极情绪对时间流逝感的影响——人格的调节作用[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(5): 19-21.
[15] 陶长江. 彝族火把节对社区成员族群认同的影响——基于多族群认同测量（MEIM）的运用[J]. 旅游导刊, 2020, 4(5): 40-59.